Supplementary budget - Hoseiyosan (English spelling) supplementary budget

Japanese: 補正予算 - ほせいよさん(英語表記)supplementary budget
Supplementary budget - Hoseiyosan (English spelling) supplementary budget

A supplementary budget is a budget prepared to make up for shortfalls in expenses that are the obligations of the state under law or contract, as well as to make additional budgetary additions necessary to cover particularly urgent expenses or to cover debts based on circumstances that arise after the budget is prepared, or to make changes other than additions to the budget. When these conditions are met, the Cabinet may prepare a supplementary budget and submit it to the Diet in the same manner as it prepares a regular budget (the so-called main budget) (Article 29 of the Financial Law). In the past, these were divided into a supplementary budget and a revised budget, but the Financial Law was revised in 1962 (Showa 37) and both came to be called the supplementary budget.

Since conditions may change significantly after the enactment of the main budget, there is certainly a need for a supplementary budget, but at the same time, compiling a supplementary budget without much thought would entail several serious flaws. In other words, budget principles have been institutionalized in light of various past problems, but supplementary budgets run the risk of violating some of these principles, such as clarity, rigor, advance determination, limitation, and unity.

[Masatoshi Hayashi]

[Reference item] | Budget

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

法律または契約により国の義務に属する経費の不足を補うほか、予算作成後に生じた事由に基づいて、とくに緊要となった経費の支出や債務の負担のために必要な予算の追加を行う場合や、予算に追加以外の変更を加える場合に編成される予算。このような条件が満たされたときには、通常の予算(いわゆる本予算)の作成の手続に準じ、内閣は補正予算を作成し、これを国会に提出することができるとされる(財政法29条)。かつては、これを追加予算と修正予算とに分けていたが、1962年(昭和37)の財政法の改正で両者をあわせて補正予算と称するようになった。

 本予算の成立後に条件が大きく変化するということはありうるから、補正予算の必要性は確かに存在するが、同時に安易に補正予算を編成することには、いくつかの深刻な欠陥が伴う。すなわち、過去のさまざまの弊害にかんがみて予算原則というものが制度化されているが、補正予算は、これらのうち明瞭(めいりょう)性、厳密性、事前決定、限定性、単一性などの諸原則に反するおそれがある。

[林 正寿]

[参照項目] | 予算

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