Ghirlandajo, Domenico

Japanese: ギルランダイオ（英語表記）Ghirlandajo， Domenico

Born: 1449. Florence
[Died] January 11, 1494. Italian painter from Florence. His real name was Domenico di Tommaso Bigordi. Along with S. Botticelli, he is one of the most representative Florentine painters of the Quattrocento. He is thought to have been a pupil of A. Baldobinetti in his early days, but was more influenced by the paintings of Masaccio, A. Castagno and B. Gozzoli. His frescoes such as "St. Jerome" in the Basilica di Ognissanti in Florence in 1480 show a realistic style influenced by the paintings of the North Netherlandish school. In 1481-82, he created frescoes in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. In "The Calling of the Apostles" and "The Passion in the Red Sea," he borrowed ideas from Gozzoli and replaced them with portraits of famous Florentines, and such historical genre paintings are also a characteristic of his paintings. The murals and altarpieces he painted in the Sassetti Chapel of Santa Trinita in Florence between 1882 and 1885 also depict many members of the Medici family and their associates, including the Sassetti family. His most famous work is the series of frescoes he created in Santa Maria Novella in Florence between 1886 and 1890. He excelled in frescoes, did not paint oil paintings, and his few tempera paintings are considered to be of amateurish technique, but his most famous work is The Old Man and His Grandson (Louvre Museum).

Ghirlandaio
Ghirlandajo, Benedetto

Born: 1458. Florence
[Died] July 17, 1497. Italian painter from Florence. His real name was Benedetto Bigordi. He was the younger brother of Domenico and Davide Ghirlandaio. He started out as a miniature painter, and studied under C. Rosselli, and is said to have acquired the most refined style of painting in the Ghirlandaio workshop. He collaborated with his brother Domenico on the murals for the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican from 1481 to 1482, and for the murals for Santa Maria Novella in Florence from 1486 to 1490. His style is said to be unique to Ghirlandaio, with its overall linear expression using bold contours for depicting figures and pale colors with few shadows. The only work confirmed to be his personal work is the panel painting "The Nativity" (Eigperres, Notre Dame Cathedral), which he painted in about 92 during a trip to France in his later years, but its decorative, delicate and elegant style, which absorbed the realistic style of the Flemish school, well shows Ghirlandaio's characteristics.

Ghirlandaio
Ghirlandajo, Davide

Born: March 14, 1452, Florence
[Died] April 14, 1525. Italian painter from Florence. Real name Davide Bigordi. Younger brother of Domenico Ghirlandaio. After Domenico's death, he became head of the Ghirlandaio workshop. Most of his works were produced with the help of his older brother Domenico, his younger brother Benedetto, and other disciples, so few works are attributed to him personally. In 1475, he collaborated with his brother to decorate the library of Pope Sixtus IV, and in 1510, he collaborated with his brother to create mosaics for the Basilica of Sant'Apollonia in Florence. The frescoes in the Basilica of Sant'Apollonia in Florence are known as works that are relatively characteristic of his style, and they show that, like his brother, he inherited the grand style of Castagno.

Ghirlandaio
Ghirlandajo, Ridolfo

Born: January 4, 1483, Florence
Died January 6, 1561. Italian painter from Florence. Son of Domenico Ghirlandaio. After his father's death, he studied under his uncle Davide Ghirlandaio and Fra Bartolomeo. He was close to Raphael during his time in Florence, and the two influenced each other. He also painted many murals with religious themes, but is best known as an outstanding portrait painter. His work is The Miracle of St. Xenopius (1510, Uffizi Gallery).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1449. フィレンツェ
[没]1494.1.11. フィレンツェ
イタリアの画家。本名 Domenico di Tommaso Bigordi。 S.ボティチェリとともにクァトロチェントのフィレンツェ派画家を代表する。初期には A.バルドビネッティの弟子であったと考えられているが，むしろマサッチオや A.カスターニョあるいは B.ゴッツォーリの絵から影響を受けている。また，1480年フィレンツェのオーニサンティ聖堂に制作したフレスコ画『聖ヒエロニムス』などには，北方フランドル派の絵画の影響を受けたリアリスティックな表現がみられる。 81～82年にはバチカンのシスティナ礼拝堂でフレスコ画を制作。『使徒たちのお召し』や『紅海の徒行』などはゴッツォーリのアイデアを借り著名なフィレンツェ人たちの肖像に置き換えて描いているが，そうした歴史風俗画的な魅力も彼の絵画の特質である。 82～85年フィレンツェのサンタ・トリニタ聖堂サセッティ礼拝堂に描いた壁画および祭壇画には，同じく，サセッティの家族をはじめメディチ家とその協力者の人々が多数描かれている。 86～90年にフィレンツェのサンタ・マリア・ノベラ聖堂に制作した一連のフレスコ画が代表作である。フレスコ画を得意とし，油彩画は描かず，数少いテンペラ画の技法も稚拙であるとされているが，そのなかで最も有名な作品は『老人と孫』 (ルーブル美術館) 。

ギルランダイオ
Ghirlandajo， Benedetto

[生]1458. フィレンツェ
[没]1497.7.17. フィレンツェ
イタリアの画家。本名 Benedetto Bigordi。ドメニコおよびダビデ・ギルランダイオの弟。初めはミニアチュール画家として修業し，また C.ロッセリのもとに学んで，ギルランダイオ大工房中で最も洗練された画風を身につけていたといわれている。 1481～82年バチカンのシスティナ礼拝堂壁画，および 86～90年フィレンツェのサンタ・マリア・ノベラ聖堂の壁画制作には兄ドメニコに協力しているが，人物描写に大胆な輪郭線を用いた全体に線的な表現と，影の少い淡い色彩などはギルランダイオ固有の作風とされる。彼個人の作品と確認されているのは，フランス旅行中 92年頃に描いた晩年の板絵『キリストの生誕』 (エイグペルス，ノートルダム聖堂) であるが，フランドル派の写実的様式を吸収した装飾的で繊細優雅な画風はギルランダイオの特色をよく示している。

ギルランダイオ
Ghirlandajo， Davide

[生]1452.3.14. フィレンツェ
[没]1525.4.14. フィレンツェ
イタリアの画家。本名 Davide Bigordi。ドメニコ・ギルランダイオの弟。ドメニコの死後はギルランダイオ大工房の主となる。ほとんどの作品は，兄ドメニコ，弟ベネデットや他の弟子たちの協力を得て制作されているため，彼個人に帰せられる作品は少い。 1475年ローマ教皇シクスツス4世の図書室装飾は兄との共作，1510年フィレンツェのサンティシマ・アヌンツィアータ聖堂に制作したモザイクは弟との共作である。フィレンツェの聖アポロニア聖堂のフレスコ画は比較的彼の作風をとどめる作品として知られているが，それによると，兄同様カスターニョの雄大な様式を継承している。

ギルランダイオ
Ghirlandajo， Ridolfo

[生]1483.1.4. フィレンツェ
[没]1561.1.6. フィレンツェ
イタリアの画家。ドメニコ・ギルランダイオの息子。父の死後は叔父のダビデ・ギルランダイオやフラ・バルトロメオのもとで修業。フィレンツェ時代のラファエロとは親しく，互いに影響し合った。宗教的主題の壁画も多く描いているが，傑出した肖像画家として有名。作品は『聖ゼノピウスの奇跡』 (1510，ウフィツィ美術館) 。

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