A general incorporated foundation established in 2013 with the objectives of implementing measures for maritime disaster prevention, owning the necessary vessels and equipment, conducting disaster prevention training, and international cooperation. It is designated as a maritime disaster prevention organization under the Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime Disasters (Act No. 136 of 1970). It is located in Minatomirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama. It began as the Maritime Fire Prevention Committee established within the Japan Coast Guard Foundation in 1972, and the Maritime Disaster Prevention Center was established in 1974. It became the Maritime Disaster Prevention Center, an authorized corporation, in 1976, and became an independent administrative institution under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 2003. In 2013, the independent administrative institution was dissolved, and the current organization was established to inherit its rights and obligations (originally named the Maritime Disaster Prevention Association). Disaster prevention operations include dealing with oil and hazardous material spills caused by ship accidents. These operations are conducted under the direction of the Commissioner of the Japan Coast Guard when a large amount of oil or other substances is spilled and an emergency occurs (Type 1 operations), and under the commission of the owner of the ship in distress (Type 2 operations). Contracted disaster prevention measures implementers that form a nationwide network are to respond immediately to such disasters. For firefighting operations, the JCG owns two fire boats and responds to ship fires in Tokyo Bay. In addition, for equipment operations, the JCG has oil recovery devices, oil fences, and oil dispersants deployed throughout the country in preparation for accidents. In addition, it has a disaster prevention training center in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and a fire drill area at the Tokyo Bay Second Sea Fort, which are used for training, drills, and disaster prevention guidance for ship crew members. In addition, the JCG is involved in research and studies on disaster prevention technology and countermeasures, information gathering, and international cooperation such as accepting trainees from overseas. [Editorial Department] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
海上防災のための措置を実施し、そのために必要な船舶や機材の保有、防災訓練、国際協力などを行うことを目的として2013年(平成25)に設立された一般財団法人。海洋汚染等及び海上災害の防止に関する法律(昭和45年法律第136号)に規定する指定海上防災機関に指定されている。所在地は横浜市西区みなとみらい。 1972年(昭和47)財団法人海上保安協会のなかに設置された海上消防委員会に始まり、1974年財団法人海上防災センターが設立された。1976年認可法人海上災害防止センターとなり、2003年国土交通省所管の独立行政法人となった。2013年独立行政法人を解散し、その権利義務を承継した現在の機関が設立された(設立当初の名称は海上災害防止協会)。 防災業務としては、船舶の海難事故などによる油や有害危険物質の流出に対処する。これには大量の油などの流出で緊急を要するときに海上保安庁長官の指示による場合(1号業務)と、遭難した船舶の所有者などの委託による場合(2号業務)とがある。これらの防災処理は全国ネットワークを形成している契約防災措置実施者が即時に対応することになっている。消防業務としては、2隻の消防船を保有し、東京湾における船舶火災に対処している。また、機材業務として、油回収装置、オイルフェンス、油処理剤などを全国各地に配備して事故に備えている。さらに、神奈川県横須賀市に防災訓練所、東京湾第二海堡(かいほ)に消防演習場が設置されており、船舶乗組員などを対象とした研修、訓練、防災指導に使われる。そのほか、防災技術、防災対策などの調査・研究、情報の収集、海外からの研修生の受け入れなどの国際協力も行っている。 [編集部] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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