A device that converts the radiation energy emitted from radioisotopes into electrical energy. It is also called an isotope battery. There are several methods for energy conversion, but the most common method is to use an isotope as a heat source and generate electricity using a thermoelectric element. If a long-life isotope such as plutonium-238 is used, it can provide a stable energy supply for a long period of time, so it is used as a power source when it is difficult to replace it. In the past, it was widely used as a power source for cardiac pacemakers implanted in the body and various power sources for artificial satellites and spacecraft. However, in 1964, the American artificial satellite SNAP-9A failed to launch, scattering about 1 kilogram of plutonium-238 for nuclear batteries into the atmosphere, and nowadays, solar cells are often used for artificial satellites that can obtain sufficient sunlight. In addition, the use of long-life lithium batteries has become common for cardiac pacemakers. [Atsushi Tateno] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
放射性同位元素から放出される放射線のエネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する装置。アイソトープ電池ともいう。エネルギー変換にはいくつかの方式があるが、アイソトープを熱源として利用し、熱電素子などを用いて電気をおこす方法が主流である。プルトニウム238など長寿命のアイソトープを用いれば、長期間安定してエネルギーが供給されるため、交換が困難な場合の電源として利用される。かつては、体内に移植される心臓のペースメーカーの電源や、人工衛星・宇宙船用の各種電源としても広く用いられた。しかし、1964年アメリカの人工衛星SNAP-9Aが打上げに失敗して、原子力電池用のプルトニウム238約1キログラムが大気中にばらまかれるなどの事故もあり、現在では、十分な太陽光を得られる人工衛星では太陽電池を利用することが多い。また、心臓ペースメーカーでは、長寿命のリチウム電池の使用が一般的となっている。 [舘野 淳] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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