A dark, porous, basic volcanic ejecta. Also called scoria. It forms irregular rock masses with many bumps and in dark black, gray-black, brown, and red colors. Its apparent specific gravity is low because of its porosity. When basaltic magma is released into the air, the sudden decrease in pressure causes the gas in the magma to escape, creating many pores. It is glassy or microcrystalline and may contain phenocrysts. Similar material can also form on the surface of lava, which is called scab. It is usually found around the crater. Pyroclastic rocks that contain a lot of scab are called scab (scoria) tuff, and pyroclastic rocks made of scab lapilli, volcanic blocks, and volcanic ash are called scab agglomerate. It is a basic pyroclastic material formed by a foaming mechanism similar to that of pumice. [Toshihiko Yajima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
黒っぽい多孔質の塩基性火山噴出物。スコリアscoriaともいう。暗黒色、灰黒色、褐色、赤色などで凹凸の多い不規則な岩塊をなしている。多孔質のため見かけ上の比重は小さい。玄武岩質マグマが空中に放出された際、急激な圧力の減少によってマグマ中のガスが抜けて多数の気孔を生じる。ガラス質ないし微晶質で斑晶(はんしょう)を含むことがある。溶岩の表面にもほぼ同様のものができることがあるが、これは岩滓質とよぶ。通常火口周辺に分布する。岩滓を多く含む火砕岩を岩滓(スコリア)凝灰岩、岩滓質の火山礫(れき)や火山岩塊、火山灰からなる火砕岩を岩滓集塊岩という。軽石(かるいし)と類似した発泡機構で形成された塩基性火山砕屑(さいせつ)物である。 [矢島敏彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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