Contratenor bassus (English spelling)

Japanese: contratenor bassus(英語表記)contratenorbassus
Contratenor bassus (English spelling)

...Male alto singer. In the mid-15th century, the contratenor altus (contra means "against" in Latin, referring to a higher voice compared to the tenor) and the contratenor bassus (a lower voice compared to the tenor) were added to the cantus melody (tenor), establishing the four-part system that would become the basis of later music, and a lot of polyphonic church music was composed. However, since women's voices were not used in churches, the contratenor altus part was sung by a male falsetto, and in England such singers were called countertenors.

From [Bus]

…also called bass. In the mid-15th century, when the four-part style of composing with soprano, alto, tenor, and bass became common, the term was first used to mean the lower voice (contratenor bassus) in contrast to the tenor, which plays the fixed melody. From this point on, the lowest voice in a piece of music came to be called the bass. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "contratenor bassus" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…男性アルト歌手。15世紀中ごろ定旋律(テノール)に対してコントラテノール・アルトゥスcontratenor altus(contraはラテン語で〈…に対する〉の意味で,テノールに対して高い声部をいう)とコントラテノール・バッススcontratenor bassus(テノールに対して低い声部)が付加され後世の音楽で基本となる4声部書法が確立し,ポリフォニックな教会音楽が多く作曲された。しかし教会では女声が使われなかったため,コントラテノール・アルトゥスの声部は男声のファルセットによって歌われ,イギリスではその歌手をカウンター・テナーと呼んだ。…

【バス】より

…ベースともいう。15世紀半ばにソプラノ,アルト,テノール,バスによる4声作法が一般的となった際,定旋律を担うテーノル(テノール)に対して〈低い声部〉(コントラテーノル・バッススcontratenor bassus)の意で用いられたのが始まりである。ここから楽曲の最低声部をバスと呼ぶようになった。…

※「contratenor bassus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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