White jade toad (English: White jade toad)

Japanese: 白玉蟾 - はくぎょくせん（英語表記）Bái Yù chán

1134?-1229?
A Taoist priest of the Southern Song Dynasty in China. Also known as Ge Changgeng. A native of Fujian. He is said to be a master of the Southern School of Jindan Dao (987-1082) in the tradition of Zhang Boduan (987-1082), and a Taoist priest of the Shenxiao school in the lineage of Lin Lingsu, and occupies an important position in the history of Taoism in the Song and Yuan dynasties. He left Fujian in his youth and trained at Mount Longhu and Mount Wuyi, and is said to have studied under the Taoist Chen Nan (Niwan). The core of his Taoist thought is the theory of internal alchemy, which is based on the three concepts of spirit, essence, and energy, but at the same time, it also incorporates the ideas of Neo-Confucianism and Zen Buddhism.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1134？‐1229？
中国，南宋の道士。別名は葛長庚。福建の人。彼はあるいは張伯端(987‐1082)の流れを汲む金丹道(南宗)の大家とされ，また林霊素の系譜に連なる神霄派の道士とされて，宋･元の道教史において重要な地位を占める。若年のころ，福建を出て，竜虎山，武夷山で修業し，また道士陳楠(泥丸)に教えを受けたとされる。その道教思想の中核は，神･精･気の3概念を基底に置く内丹説であるが，同時に，朱子学，禅宗の思想をも取り込んでいる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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