Bacteria that can grow without free oxygen. There are obligate anaerobes that can only grow in the absence of oxygen, and facultative anaerobes that can grow even with oxygen. Methanogens, most photosynthetic bacteria, and tetanus bacteria are representative of the former. The metabolism of these bacteria requires a low redox potential, which is hindered by the presence of oxygen. They do not perform aerobic respiration, but obtain energy through anaerobic fermentation. To culture them, contact with free oxygen must be cut off or a weak reducing agent must be added to the medium. Many facultative anaerobes, such as Escherichia coli, obtain energy through respiration when oxygen is present and through fermentation when oxygen is scarce, but lactic acid bacteria and others rely on fermentation even when oxygen is present. →Aerobic bacteria→Related topicsGas gangrene|Salmonella|Shigella|Escherichia coli|Denitrification|Tetanus|Bifidobacteria|Staphylococcus|Clostridium botulinum|Streptococcus Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
遊離酸素がなくとも増殖できる細菌。酸素のないところでしか発育できない偏性嫌気性菌と,酸素があっても発育のできる通性嫌気性菌とがある。メタン細菌,大部分の光合成細菌,破傷風菌などは前者の代表。これらの細菌の代謝には低い酸化還元電位の保持が必要で,これを酸素の存在が妨げるためである。有気呼吸を行わず,嫌気性発酵によってエネルギーを得る。培養するには遊離酸素との接触を断つか,弱い還元剤を培地に加える。通性嫌気性菌は大腸菌のように,酸素のあるときには呼吸によって,酸素の少ないときには発酵でエネルギーを得るものが多いが,乳酸菌などは酸素があっても発酵に頼る。→好気性菌 →関連項目ガス壊疽|サルモネラ菌|赤痢菌|大腸菌|脱窒|破傷風菌|ビフィズス菌|ブドウ(葡萄)球菌|ボツリヌス菌|連鎖球菌 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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