Autourgoi (English spelling)

Japanese: アウトゥールゴイ(英語表記)autourgoi
Autourgoi (English spelling)
An ancient Greek word meaning "one who works for himself." It was used mainly to describe independent farmers who were engaged in farming and animal husbandry. In his Treatise on Economics, the 4th century BC Athenian writer Xenophon classifies agricultural workers into autourgoi and "those who work under supervision." The former worked with their family and a few slaves, while the latter did not work themselves but employed many slaves to do the farming. The image of the autourgoi is already clearly depicted in the epic poet Hesiod's Works and Days, compiled in the early 7th century BC.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
〈自ら働く者〉を意味した古代ギリシア語。主として農耕・牧畜に従事する独立自営の農民について用いられた。前4世紀アテナイの著述家クセノフォンは,《家政論》のなかで,農業に従事する人々をアウトゥールゴイと〈監督によって農業を行う者〉に分類しているが,前者が家族および少数の奴隷とともに自ら労働したのに対して,後者は自ら働くことなく多数の奴隷を使役して農業を行わせた。前7世紀初頭にまとめられた叙事詩人ヘシオドスの《農と暦(仕事と日々)》のなかには,アウトゥールゴイの姿がすでに明確に描き出されている。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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