Desensitization therapy - Genkansaryoho

Japanese: 減感作療法 - げんかんさりょうほう
Desensitization therapy - Genkansaryoho

This is a treatment for type I allergic diseases involving IgE antibodies (particularly atopic bronchial asthma, hay fever, and allergic rhinitis) in which the causative antigen is administered periodically (usually by injection) to reduce hypersensitivity to the causative antigen. It is also called desensitization therapy or allergen immunotherapy.

When it is difficult to avoid the causative antigen, for example, inhalable antigens such as house dust and pollen, are targeted, but when avoidance is possible but it is necessary to handle them due to occupational reasons, they are targeted. Starting with an injection of a low concentration of antigen liquid that does not cause an immediate intradermal reaction, the dose is increased by injection once or twice a week, and when a maintenance dose is reached, injections are continued once every 2 to 4 weeks. If effective, it is desirable to continue for several years. The efficacy rate is 70 to 80%. The mechanism of efficacy is thought to be (1) the production of blocking antibodies belonging to IgG, which suppress the reaction between the antigen and IgE antibodies, (2) a decrease in IgE antibodies, and (3) the release of histamine from basophils and mast cells (fat cells) due to the reaction between the antigen and IgE antibodies. Since this is a treatment in which the causative antigen liquid is injected, caution is required as an inappropriate injection amount may cause a worsening of symptoms or anaphylactic shock.

[Shozo Takahashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

IgE抗体が関与するⅠ型アレルギー疾患(とくにアトピー性気管支喘息(ぜんそく)、花粉症、アレルギー性鼻炎)に対し、原因抗原を定期的に投与(一般的には注射)し、原因抗原に対する過敏性を低下させようとする治療法である。脱感作療法、アレルゲン免疫療法ともいう。

 原因抗原の回避が困難な場合、たとえば室内塵(じん)、花粉類などの吸入性抗原が対象となるが、回避可能でも職業上取り扱わざるをえないときには対象となる。即時型皮内反応が出ない程度の低濃度の抗原液注射から始め、週1、2回の注射を継続して増量し、維持量に達したら2~4週に1回の注射を継続する。有効な場合には数年は継続することが望ましい。有効率は70~80%である。奏効機序としては、(1)IgGに属する遮断抗体が産生され、抗原とIgE抗体との反応を抑制する、(2)IgE抗体が減少する、(3)抗原とIgE抗体との反応による好塩基球・マスト細胞(肥満細胞)からのヒスタミン遊離がおこりにくくなる、などが考えられている。原因抗原液を注射する治療法であるので、注射量が適切でないと症状の増悪やアナフィラキシーショックをおこすことがあるので注意が必要である。

[高橋昭三]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Primordium - Healthy

>>:  Ruan Xian - Genkan

Recommend

Tamekane Kyogoku

A poet from the late Kamakura period, founder of ...

Olduvai Ruins - Olduvai Ruins (English spelling) Olduvai

The oldest Paleolithic cultural site in the world,...

Sicily

…the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. In ...

Loxoblemmus

…General term for insects belonging to the genus ...

Celebration of Oei-mochi - Celebration of Oei-mochi

…In Takayama Village, Agatsuma County, Gunma Pref...

Prebisch Report

A report entitled "In Search of New Trade Pol...

Zoro the Great

...A masked hero created by American cartoonist J...

Karakoromo Kisshu

A kyoka poet of the late Edo period. His real nam...

Asiatic black bear (Tsukinowaguma) - Selenartos thibetanus

A mammal of the Ursidae family in the carnivora or...

Colon (English spelling)

A city on the north coast of central Panama. It is...

Junichiro Kido

...A politician from the end of the Edo period an...

Aichi Prefectural University of Fine Arts and Music, Faculty of Music

...The current Tokyo College of Music was establi...

The origin of opening up the country

A collection of documents on domestic and foreign ...

Solaṅkī (English spelling)

…In particular, the dome ceiling of the open entr...

Coptic calendar - Coptic calendar

A solar calendar originating from Ancient Egypt. A...