Ruan Xian - Genkan

Japanese: 阮咸 - げんかん
Ruan Xian - Genkan

A plucked string instrument from the Tang Dynasty in China. Before that, it was called the Qin Biwa, and its structure places it in the lute family of biwa. The name Ruan Xian comes from the name of a Jin Dynasty scholar who is said to have loved playing the instrument and was one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove." Two of these instruments are preserved in Japan's Shosoin Repository, and they are about one meter long, with a neck about 60 centimeters long and a circular body about 40 centimeters in diameter, four strings, and 14 frets from the neck to the top of the body.

The Tang Dynasty Ruan Xian produced the short-necked, round-bodied gekkin from the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, and in the Ming Dynasty the body became slightly smaller and octagonal, resulting in the long-necked, octagonal-bodied Ruan Xian. This long-necked, octagonal-bodied Ruan Xian (4 strings, 12 pillars) is also used in Japanese Qing music. In Japanese Ming music, the long-necked, octagonal-bodied instrument is called the gekkin.

[Sylvain Guignard]

[Reference] | Gekkin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、唐代の撥弦(はつげん)楽器。それ以前は秦琵琶(しんびわ)と称され、構造からはリュート属琵琶系。阮咸の名は、これを愛奏したといわれる晋(しん)代の文人で「竹林(ちくりん)の七賢」の一人の名をとったもの。わが国の正倉院に二面保存されているが、それらの全長は約1メートル、棹(さお)は長く約60センチメートル、円形胴の直径約40センチメートルで4弦、棹から胴面上部にかけて14の柱(じゅう)(フレット)がつけられている。

 この唐代の阮咸は、宋(そう)代から明(みん)代にかけて、短棹円形胴の月琴(げっきん)を生み、明代に胴がやや小形の八角形になり、長棹八角胴の阮咸となった。日本の清楽(しんがく)でもこの長棹八角胴の阮咸(4弦12柱)が用いられている。なお、日本の明楽では、長棹八角胴の楽器を月琴とよんでいる。

[シルヴァン・ギニアール]

[参照項目] | 月琴

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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