In the broad sense, it is an explosive that is mainly made of ammonium nitrate (excluding those with a nitrogel content of over 6% and those with a nitro compound or perchlorate content of over 10%), but in the narrow sense, ammonium nitrate explosives are certified mine explosives (generally called safety explosives) that are based on ammonium nitrate. In consideration of the distinction from dynamite under the Explosives Control Act, ammonium nitrate explosives are defined as follows: They are powder explosives based on ammonium nitrate and contain 6% or less nitrogel, or powder explosives that do not contain nitrogel and contain 10% or less perchlorate or nitro compounds, and are compounded with a heat reducing and flame retardant, and are certified mine explosives that have passed the certification test. Nitro compounds are added as sensitizers and flammables to improve explosiveness. Ammonium nitrate explosives are made of ammonium nitrate as the main component, so they are hygroscopic, which is considered to be a problem. This drawback is partially compensated for by modifying the ammonium nitrate or by soaking the finished cartridge in paraffin. [Tadao Yoshida and Shingo Date] "Explanation of Explosives Control Laws, supervised by the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, edited by the Japan Explosives Manufacturers Association, Data Editorial Department, 2003 revised edition (2004, Japan Explosives Manufacturers Association)" [Reference item] | |©Shogakukan "> Typical composition of ammonium nitrate explosives Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広義には硝酸アンモニウム(硝安)を主とする爆薬(ただし、ニトロゲル含有量が6%を超えるものおよびニトロ化合物または過塩素酸塩の含有量が10%を超えるものを除く)であるが、狭義には硝安を基剤とした炭鉱用検定爆薬(一般に安全爆薬という)が硝安爆薬とよばれている。火薬類取締法のダイナマイトとの区別を考慮して硝安爆薬は次のように定義される。すなわち、硝酸アンモニウムを基剤とし、6%以下のニトロゲルを含有する粉状のもの、もしくは、ニトロゲルを含有せず、10%以下の過塩素酸塩またはニトロ化合物を含む粉状の爆薬であるアンモン爆薬に減熱消炎剤を配合したもので、検定試験に合格した炭鉱用の検定爆薬である。 ニトロ化合物は爆発性を向上させるために鋭感剤兼可燃物として加えられている。硝安爆薬は硝安を主成分としているために吸湿性があり、これが問題点とされている。この欠点は、硝安の改質や、できあがった薬包をパラフィン浸(づ)けするなどの方法で部分的に補っている。 [吉田忠雄・伊達新吾] 『経済産業省資源エネルギー庁原子力安全・保安院保安課監修、日本火薬工業会資料編集部編『火薬類取締法令の解説』平成15年改訂版(2004・日本火薬工業会)』 [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 硝安爆薬の代表的組成例 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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