Gateball - Gate ball (English spelling)

Japanese: ゲートボール - げーとぼーる(英語表記)gate ball
Gateball - Gate ball (English spelling)

It is a team sport in which players hit a wooden or plastic ball with a wooden mallet (stick) on a rectangular court, passing through three gates and hitting the goal post in the center, competing to see who can reach the finish line first.

In 1948 (Showa 23), Eiji Suzuki, a resident of Asahikawa City, Hokkaido, invented and named the game after being inspired by croquet. After that, the Ministry of Education (now the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), the Japan Amateur Sports Association (now the Japan Sports Association), the Japan Recreation Association and other parties tried to popularize the game nationwide, but it did not catch on very much due to problems with the supply of equipment and the low level of physical activity among young people. In 1959, Ichiro Kozuma of Kumamoto Prefecture introduced it as an activity for local women and elderly people, and in 1976, it was introduced at the National Physical Fitness Promotion Conference held in the same place, where it attracted attention. Since then, it has rapidly spread throughout the country due to the increase in the number of senior citizens' associations and the amount of exercise suitable for the elderly. Many groups existed throughout the country, but in December 1984, the Japan Gateball Union was established as a foundation and announced common rules.

[Yoshitaka Shimizu]

Competition

Two teams of five players each play against each other. The first team has balls with odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, 9), and the second team has balls with even numbers (2, 4, 6, 8, 10). Each team takes turns hitting the ball from the starting line to the first gate in numerical order. The first gate must be passed in one shot. If the ball passes in one shot, the player can take another shot, but if the ball does not pass, the player must wait their turn and return to the starting line to hit the ball again. The second and third gates are passed in turn from the designated directions, and the player must hit the goal pole in the center to win. The feature of this game is that if the player's ball hits (touches) another ball, the player can place the other ball next to the player's ball that is stepped on with one foot, and then hit the other ball with the impact to move it, making it a spark shot. This allows the player's team's ball to move in an advantageous direction and the other team's ball to move in an unfavorable direction or outside the court, which is the charm of this team game. The team whose players reach the top first wins. As a general rule, if there are still members from both teams who have not finished after 30 minutes, points will be awarded for passing through the gates and finishing up, and the winner will be decided by the team's total points.

[Yoshitaka Shimizu]

"Official Gateball Competition Rules" (1985, Japan Gateball Federation)

[Reference] | Croquet

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

長方形のコートの中で木またはプラスチック製のボールを木製の槌(つち)(スティック)で打って3個の関門(ゲート)を通過させ、中央のゴールポストに打ち当て、チームの全員が早く上がりになるのを競う団体競技である。

 1948年(昭和23)北海道旭川(あさひかわ)市在住の鈴木栄治がクロッケーにヒントを得て考案命名した。その後、文部省(現、文部科学省)、日本体育協会(現、日本スポーツ協会)、日本レクリエーション協会等の関係者が全国への普及を図ったが、用具の供給、青少年には運動量が少ないなどの問題があり、あまり普及しなかった。1959年に熊本県の上妻一郎が地域の婦人や高齢者の活動として取り入れ、1976年同地で開催された体力づくり運動推進全国大会で紹介、注目を集めた。以来、老人会人口の増大、高齢者に適した運動量などの理由から急速に全国に普及している。多くの団体が全国に存在したが、1984年12月に財団法人日本ゲートボール連合が成立し、共通ルールを発表している。

[清水良隆]

競技

1チーム5名の2チームで対戦し、先攻チームは奇数番号(1、3、5、7、9)、後攻チームは偶数番号(2、4、6、8、10)のボールをもつ。番号順に両チームが1人ずつ交互に、スタートライン上から第1ゲートに向かってボールを打って通過させる。第1ゲートのみは1打で通過させねばならない。1打で通過した場合はさらに1打でき、通過しない場合は、順番を待ってもう一度スタートラインに戻って打つ。第2、第3ゲートも順次指定の方向から通過させたのち、中央のゴールポールに打ち当てると上がりとなる。このゲームの特徴は、他のボールに自球を当てる(タッチする)と、その他球を片足で踏んだ自球の横に並べて置き、自球を打ってその衝撃で他球を移動させるスパーク打撃ができることである。これで自チームのボールは有利な方向に、他チームのボールは不利な方向やコート外に出すというチームゲームの妙味がある。早く全員が上がったチームが勝ち。原則として30分経過後両チームともまだ上がっていない者がいる場合は、ゲートの通過や上がりによって得点を与えて、チームの合計得点で勝敗を決める。

[清水良隆]

『『公式ゲートボール競技規則』(1985・財団法人日本ゲートボール連合)』

[参照項目] | クロッケー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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