A socialist and politician during the French Third Republic. His real name was Mathieu Basile. At the end of the Second Empire (1852-1870), he participated in the anti-imperialist movement as a republican journalist and was imprisoned. In 1871, he was convicted for supporting the Paris Commune and fled to Geneva. There he was influenced by Bakuninist collectivism, but after moving to Milan he left his anarchist stance and approached Marxism. He returned to France in 1876 after the statute of limitations expired. He led the so-called "Guedists" based on the newspaper "Égalité" (Equality), founded the French Workers' Party (1882), and worked to spread Marxism. At the turn of the century, he opposed the syndicalists who advocated a general strike revolution by labor unions, and after 1893 he aimed to build a mass socialist party centered on parliamentary election activities, and became a member of the National Assembly himself. He maintained a class stance and was at odds with the Jaurès faction during the Dreyfus Affair and the issue of the inclusion of socialist Millerand in the cabinet (1899), but in 1905 he reconciled with the Jaurès faction and formed the Socialist Party, unifying the French socialist movement which had been torn apart. During World War I, he abandoned his long-held position of international solidarity among workers and joined the "national unity" cabinet. After the war, when the Socialist Party split (1920), he fell into the minority, and he died without participating in the formation of the Communist Party by the Third International (1921). [Minoru Tanikawa] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス第三共和政期の社会主義者、政治家。本名マチュー・バジルMathieu Basile。第二帝政(1852~1870)末期には共和派ジャーナリストとして反帝政運動に参加、投獄されている。1871年パリ・コミューンを支持して有罪判決を受け、ジュネーブに亡命。当地でバクーニン派の集産主義の影響を受けたが、ミラノに移ってからはアナキズムの立場を離れ、マルクス主義に接近する。1876年時効成立後に帰仏。『エガリテ(平等)』紙に拠(よ)っていわゆる「ゲーディスト」を率い、フランス労働党を結成(1882)してマルクス主義の普及に努めた。世紀転換期には、労働組合によるゼネスト革命を主張するサンジカリストらに対抗、1893年以後は議会選挙活動を中心とする大衆的社会主義政党の建設を目ざし、自らも下院議員となった。ドレフュス事件や社会主義者ミルランの入閣問題(1899)では階級的立場を固持してジョレス派と対立したが、1905年には同派と和解して社会党を結成、四分五裂状態にあったフランス社会主義運動の統一を果たした。第一次世界大戦では、かねて主張していた労働者の国際的連帯の立場を捨て、「挙国一致」内閣に入閣した。戦後の社会党分裂(1920)に際しては少数派に転落、第三インター派の共産党結成(1921)には参加せず他界している。 [谷川 稔] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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