In a broad sense, it is a general term for compounds represented by the general formula =C=O (R and R' are hydrocarbon groups). It is a compound in the form of an intramolecular anhydride of a fatty acid, and the C=C bond is prone to undergo addition reactions, giving fatty acid derivatives through addition reactions. In the narrow sense, any compound with the general formula R=R'=H is called ketene. Ketene CH2 =C=O is a colorless, toxic gas with a pungent odor; inhaling its vapor can cause diseases such as emphysema, and its toxicity is comparable to that of phosgene and hydrogen cyanide. It has a molecular weight of 42.0 and a boiling point of -41°C. In laboratories, it is produced by pyrolyzing acetone at 500-1000°C, but industrially it is synthesized in high yields by pyrolyzing acetic acid at 800°C using phosphoric acid as a catalyst. Ketenes are generally unstable compounds that are highly reactive and polymerize very easily; two molecules polymerize to form diketene. In industry, acetic acid is thermally decomposed with a phosphoric acid catalyst to produce ketene, which is an important intermediate in the production of acetic anhydride by reaction with another molecule of acetic acid. It is also used as a raw material for the production of acetoacetic esters, dehydroacetic acid, etc. [Masahiro Hirota] "Experimental Chemistry Course 21: Organic Synthesis 3: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Quinones," 4th Edition, edited by the Chemical Society of Japan (1999, Maruzen) [References] | |©Shogakukan "> Main ketene ©Shogakukan "> Reaction of ketene ©Shogakukan "> Diketene derivatives Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
広義では、一般式 =C=O(R、R'は炭化水素基)で表される化合物の総称である。脂肪酸の分子内無水物の形の化合物であり、C=C結合は付加反応をおこしやすく、付加反応により脂肪酸誘導体を与える。 狭義では、一般式のR=R'=Hの化合物をケテンという。ケテンCH2=C=Oは無色の刺激臭をもつ有毒な気体で、蒸気を吸うと肺気腫などの疾患をひきおこすおそれがあり、その毒性は、ホスゲンやシアン化水素に匹敵する猛毒である。分子量42.0、沸点零下41℃。実験室においてはアセトンを500~1000℃で熱分解すると生成するが、工業的にはリン酸を触媒として800℃において酢酸を熱分解する方法により高収率で合成している。 ケテン類は一般に不安定な化合物で反応性に富み、また、きわめて重合しやすく、2分子が重合してジケテンになる。 工業的には酢酸をリン酸系触媒により熱分解させてケテンを発生させ、もう1分子の酢酸との反応により無水酢酸を製造する際の中間体として重要である。このほかに、アセト酢酸エステル、デヒドロ酢酸などをつくる原料として利用される。 [廣田 穰] 『日本化学会編『実験化学講座21 有機合成3 アルデヒド・ケトン・キノン』第4版(1999・丸善)』 [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> おもなケテン ©Shogakukan"> ケテンの反応 ©Shogakukan"> ジケテンの誘導体 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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