Goebbels - Joseph Goebbels

Japanese: ゲッベルス - げっべるす(英語表記)Joseph Goebbels
Goebbels - Joseph Goebbels

A politician of Nazi Germany. Born into a middle-class family, he initially aspired to be a writer, but failed. In 1922 he joined the Nazi Party, but did not participate in the Hitler Putsch of 1923. When the Nazi Party was re-established in 1925, he edited the party's organ, National Socialist Letters, under the Strasser brothers. In 1926, he was discovered by Hitler and became the leader of the Berlin district. From 1927 to 1934, he was editor-in-chief of the weekly newspaper Attack (a daily newspaper after 1930), where he incited anti-Semitism and mocked the Weimar Republic. In 1928, he was elected to the National Diet. In 1929, he became the head of the Nazi Party's national propaganda department. When Hitler's cabinet was formed in 1933, he became Minister of Enlightenment and controlled the press and cultural activities, including broadcasting, newspapers, movies, theater, and music, manipulating the thoughts and emotions of the masses at will. One of his greatest propaganda masterpieces was his speech on February 18, 1943 after the defeat at Stalingrad (now Volgograd), in which he frankly admitted the fact of the defeat and succeeded in mobilizing the nation for total war while stirring up the threat of Bolshevism. On April 29, 1945, Hitler appointed him as chancellor in his "will", but he followed Hitler and committed suicide, taking his wife and six children with him.

[Teruo Yoshida]

"Goebbels' Diary, translated by Saijo Makoto (1974, Bancho Shobo)""The Third Reich and Propaganda: The Life of Goebbels, by Manvell and Frenkel, translated by Tarui Chikayoshi and Sahara Susumu (1962, Tokyo Sogen Shinsha)""Goebbels, by Kurt Riess, translated by Saijo Makoto (1971, Tosho Shuppansha)"

[References] | Nazis | Hitler

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ナチス・ドイツの政治家。小市民出身で、初め作家を志したが挫折(ざせつ)した。1922年ナチス党に入ったが、1923年のヒトラー一揆(いっき)には参加せず、1925年ナチス党が再建されると、シュトラッサー兄弟の下で機関紙『国民社会主義書簡』を編集した。1926年ヒトラーにみいだされてベルリン管区指導者になり、1927~1934年週刊紙(1930年以後日刊紙)『攻撃』の編集長として反ユダヤ主義をあおり、ワイマール共和国を愚弄(ぐろう)した。1928年国会議員にも選出された。1929年ナチス党の全国宣伝部長。1933年ヒトラー内閣が成立すると、新設の啓蒙(けいもう)宣伝相となり、放送、新聞、映画、演劇、音楽などの報道、文化活動を統制し、大衆の思考と感情を思うがままに操った。彼の宣伝の最高傑作の一つは、スターリングラード(現ボルゴグラード)での敗北後の1943年2月18日の演説で、敗北の事実を率直に認め、ボリシェビズムの脅威をあおりつつ国民を総力戦に動員することに成功した。1945年4月29日ヒトラーは「遺言」で彼を首相に任命したが、ヒトラーの後を追い、妻と6人の子供を道連れに自殺した。

[吉田輝夫]

『西城信訳『ゲッベルスの日記』(1974・番町書房)』『マンヴェル、フレンケル著、樽井近義・佐原進訳『第三帝国と宣伝――ゲッベルスの生涯』(1962・東京創元新社)』『クルト・リース著、西城信訳『ゲッベルス』(1971・図書出版社)』

[参照項目] | ナチス | ヒトラー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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