A garment worn by monks. A transliteration of the Sanskrit word kāāya (meaning reddish brown). Originally it was the name of a color, not a garment, but it came to be called a garment because the robes of monks were of a muddy color. According to the 27th volume of the "Jijuritsu," King Bimbisara of Magadha, India, attempted to worship the Buddha, only to be met by a heretic. The king therefore wished for clothing that would distinguish the Buddha and his disciples from heretics, and established that the Buddha should wear a kesa (cassock). After seeing the orderly ridges of rice paddies, he instructed that the robes be made by joining a long piece of cloth with a short piece of cloth. The stripes on the kesa resemble the ridges of a rice field, and just as sowing seeds in the rice field brings a harvest in the fall, offerings to the Buddha are sure to bring various blessings, so the kesa is also called Fukuden'e. It is also called Heie (worn clothes) or Funzo-ue (foul-looking clothes) because it is made from cloth picked up from places like the sweeping dump, and Katsetsue (cut clothes) or Noue (worn clothes) because it is made by sewing together several small pieces of cloth. Clothing can be made of any material, such as cotton, linen, silk, bark, or wool, and should be a muddy, broken color such as blue, black, or magnolia. The size is made according to each person's height, and there is a local measurement method of three elbows vertically and five elbows horizontally, and a measurement method in which the overall length is measured by placing the garment directly on the body. There are three types, according to the number of pieces of cloth sewn together: five stripes (Andae), seven stripes (Uttaraso-e), and nine to twenty-five stripes (Songari-e), all of which have an odd number of stripes. This is because odd numbers are yang numbers, which are the basis for development and growth, and because the teachings of Buddha are eternally indivisible. However, as Buddhism spread to China, they changed from being a daily necessity to become a symbol of Buddhism, and became ornately decorative. [Kawaguchi Takakaze] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
僧の着用する衣。サンスクリット語のカシャーヤkāāya(赤褐色の意味)の音訳。もとは色名で、衣の名称ではなかったが、比丘(びく)の衣が不正色(ふせいじき)(濁色)であったところから衣の名となった。『十誦律(じゅうじゅりつ)』巻27によると、インド、マガダ国のビンビサーラ王が仏を礼拝(らいはい)しようとしたところ外道(げどう)(異教者)であった。そのため、王は仏および仏弟子と外道を区別できる衣服を願い、仏には袈裟(けさ)を着ることを制定した。形は、田の畦畔(けいはん)が整然としているのを見て、長い布と短い布をつなぎ合わせてつくることを指示した。袈裟の条相が田の畦(あぜ)をかたどっており、田に種を播(ま)けば秋に収穫があるように、仏を供養(くよう)すればかならず諸々(もろもろ)の福報を受けるという意味から、袈裟は福田衣(ふくでんえ)ともいわれる。ほかに、掃きだめなどから拾った布を使用することから弊衣(へいえ)、糞掃衣(ふんぞうえ)、小さく切った布片を何枚も縫い合わせたことから割截衣(かっせつえ)、衲衣(のうえ)ともいう。衣財は、綿、麻、絹、樹皮、毛などなんでもよく、色は青、黒、木蘭(もくらん)の濁った壊色(えじき)にする。大きさは、各人の身長に応じてつくられ、縦三肘(ちゅう)、横五肘の幅の局量法(こくりょうほう)と、衣財を直接体に当てて全体の長さを測る度量法がある。種類は、縫い合わせた布片の数により、五条(安陀会(あんだえ))、七条(鬱多羅僧衣(うったらそうえ))、九条~二十五条(僧伽梨衣(そうぎゃりえ))の3種があり、それらはいずれも奇数条である。奇数は陽の数として発展化育のもととなり、仏の教えは、永遠に割り切ることができないものであるからである。しかし、仏教が中国に伝播(でんぱ)するにつれて、生活資具の衣から仏教の標幟(ひょうし)となり、華麗な装飾的なものへと変遷していった。 [川口高風] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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