A taxation law for the North American colonies enacted on March 22, 1765. In Japanese it is also written as the "Stamp Act." It was a new tax system for the colonies to deal with the financial difficulties of the British mother country, and required the affixing of a set amount of revenue stamps to printed materials such as official documents, certificates, pamphlets, and newspapers. The British government tried to use the revenue from the stamp tax to cover the costs of garrisoning troops and cracking down on smuggling, but this caused strong opposition from the colonies as it was seen as an increase in taxes to strengthen colonial rule and was a direct tax, unlike the customs duties that had previously been recognized as the mother country's authority. Under the slogan "No Taxation without Representation," the people, led by the secret organization "Sons of Liberty," used force to repeal the bill in March of the following year, but it was one of the factors that led to the American Revolution. [Masashi Shimakawa] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1765年3月22日に制定された北アメリカ植民地への課税法。邦語表記では従来「印紙条例」とも書かれた。イギリス本国の財政窮迫に対処するために、植民地に向けられた新規の税制で、公文書、証書、パンフレット、新聞などの印刷物に所定額の収入印紙の貼付(ちょうふ)を義務づけたものである。本国政府は、印紙税による収入を駐屯軍費用と密貿易取締り費用にあてようとしたが、これは植民地支配強化のための増税として、また従来本国の権限として認められていた関税徴収とは異なり直接課税であるという点で、植民地の大反対を巻き起こした。「代表なくして課税なし」No Taxation without Representationのスローガンのもとに、秘密組織「自由の子供たち」Sons of Libertyを中心とする民衆の実力行使が行われた結果、翌年3月撤回されたが、アメリカ独立革命へと導く一要因となった。 [島川雅史] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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