Powerful drug - gekiyaku

Japanese: 劇薬 - げきやく
Powerful drug - gekiyaku

These are medicines with strong toxicity and pharmacological effects, second only to poisons. Their handling, along with poisons, is regulated by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act (formerly the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act). The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare designates them after hearing the opinion of the Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council (Article 44 of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act), and the name of the drug and the word "poison" must be written in red on a white background with a red frame on the immediate container or wrapping. In addition, those who handle these drugs in the course of business must store or display them separately from other items, and they may not be sold or given at pharmacies unless there is a document with the name, quantity, purpose of use, date of transfer, and the transferor's address, name, and occupation, signed or stamped, and they may not be given to persons under the age of 14 or others who are deemed to be unsure of their safety. Regarding items of poisonous drugs, amyl nitrite, aminophylline, insulin injection, indomethacin, caffeine, santonin, and other medicines are designated in Appendix 3 of the Enforcement Regulations of the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act.

The basis for designating a substance as a poison or deleterious drug is mainly the acute toxicity value (50% lethal dose) from animal experiments, but it is also determined based on chronic and subacute toxicity, safety margins, incidence and severity of side effects, etc. In addition, highly toxic and deleterious substances other than pharmaceuticals and quasi-drugs are subject to necessary controls from the perspective of health and hygiene, and their handling is regulated by the Poison and Deleterious Substances Control Act.

[Fumiji Koho]

[Reference items] | Amyl nitrite | Aminophylline | Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act | Insulin preparations | Indomethacin | Caffeine | Santonin | Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act | Poisons | Pharmaceutical Affairs Act

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

毒薬に次いで毒性や薬理作用の強い医薬品のことで、毒薬とともに「医薬品医療機器等法(旧、薬事法)」に取扱いなどが定められている。劇薬の指定は厚生労働大臣が薬事・食品衛生審議会の意見を聴いて行い(医薬品医療機器等法44条)、直接の容器または被包に、白地に赤枠、赤字をもって、その品名および「劇」の文字を記載することとなっている。また、業務上これらを取り扱う者はほかのものと区別して貯蔵または陳列しなければならないことや、薬局での販売については、その品名、数量、使用の目的、譲渡の年月日、譲渡人の住所・氏名・職業が記載され、署名または記名押印のある文書がなければ販売または授与してはならないこと、14歳未満の者、その他安全な取扱いをすることについて不安があると認められる者については交付してはならないことになっている。劇薬の品目については、医薬品医療機器等法施行規則の別表3に、亜硝酸アミル、アミノフィリン、インスリン注射液、インドメタシン、カフェイン、サントニンなどの医薬品が指定されている。

 毒・劇薬の指定の根拠となる資料は、動物実験による急性毒性値(50%致死量)が中心となるが、そのほか慢性・亜急性毒性、安全域、副作用の発現率とその程度などから判定される。なお、医薬品および医薬部外品以外で毒性、劇性の強いものは、保健衛生上の見地から必要な取締りを行うため、「毒物及び劇物取締法」によってその取扱いなどが規制されている。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 亜硝酸アミル | アミノフィリン | 医薬品医療機器等法 | インスリン製剤 | インドメタシン | カフェイン | サントニン | 毒物及び劇物取締法 | 毒薬 | 薬事法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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