A play performed by a character within a play. It is incorporated into the main body of the play in various ways, forming a drama with a double structure. Examples of a play performed in front of other characters within a play include Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream (c. 1595-96), the amateur play in J. Anouilh's A Ball of Thieves (1932), and "The Murder of Gonzago" performed by a traveling actor in Hamlet (c. 1600-01). Examples of a play within a play in which the characters are actors and the stage they are performing on are the "Romeo and Juliet" scene in A. Dumas's Kean (1836) and the "Othello" scene in J.-P. Sartre's Kean (1953). Other plays that contain plays within a play include The Tempest (c. 1611-12), which has fantasy scenes brought about by the magic of the characters, A. Schnitzler's The Green Parrot (1899), in which episodes told by the characters are expressed as plays within a play, and L. Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921), which is set in a theater to explore the problem of reality and fiction. If we interpret the play within a play more broadly, B. Brecht's The Caucasian Chalk Circle (43-45) and P. Weiss's Marat/Sade (63) can also be said to be works composed of plays within a play. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
登場人物によって劇中で演じられる劇。いろいろの形で劇の本体に組込まれ,二重構造による一つの戯曲を形成する。劇中,他の登場人物を前に芝居を演じるという形式としては,シェークスピアの『夏の夜の夢』 (1595~96頃) や,J.アヌイの『泥棒たちの舞踏会』 (1932) のなかのしろうと芝居,『ハムレット』 (1600~01頃) で旅役者が演じる「ゴンザゴ殺し」などがある。登場人物が俳優で,その演じる舞台面が劇中劇となる形式では,A.デュマの『キーン』 (1836) における「ロミオとジュリエット」や J.-P.サルトルの『キーン』 (1953) における「オセロ」の場面があげられる。また,これほど明確ではないが,登場人物の魔術が引起す幻想場面をもつ『テンペスト』 (1611~12頃) ,登場人物が語るエピソードが劇中劇となって表現される A.シュニッツラーの『緑の鸚鵡』 (1899) ,現実と虚構の問題を追求するために劇場を舞台とした L.ピランデッロの『作者をさがす6人の登場人物』 (1921) なども,劇中劇を内蔵する戯曲といえる。さらに劇中劇を広く解釈すれば,B.ブレヒトの『コーカサスの白墨の輪』 (43~45) も,P.ワイスの『マラー/サド』 (63) も,劇中劇によって構成された作品といえる。
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