Kongo-ryu

A school of Noh. One of the five schools of shite actors. The name is after Sakatoza, a troupe of Yamato Sarugaku belonging to Kofuku-ji Temple during the Northern and Southern Courts period. Sakatoza was named after its troupe in Sakato, Sango Village, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture, and is said to have been a troupe of Jushi Sarugaku belonging to Horyuji Temple during the Kamakura period. Sakado Ujikatsu from the early 14th century is said to be the founder of the school, but it is not clear. The 6th generation from Ujikatsu, Zengaku Masaaki, changed his surname to Kongo. The founder of the revival was the 8th Kongo Ujimasa, known as Hana Kongo, who received a red seal of 800 koku from Toyotomi Hideyoshi. During the Edo period, the school served the Tokugawa shogunate. Kita Shichidayu, who later established the Kita school, briefly succeeded Kongodayu for a time, and famous performers include Ukyo Yorikatsu, said to be the creator of the Noh mask "Magojiro," and Matabei Nagayori, a master nicknamed "Ashibaya Matabei." After the Meiji Restoration, Ujishige (Yaichi) and Taiichiro, father and son, pioneered the revival of Noh, centering on the Noh stage in Azabu, Tokyo, but suffered a series of misfortunes, including relocation and fire damage. Taiichiro's son, Kongo Ukyo Ujiyasu, the 23rd, was renowned for his unique and brilliant techniques and insight into historical facts, but was unfortunate. According to his will, the Sakado Kongo family line ended with his death in 1936 (Showa 11).

However, with the help of the other four schools' heads, in the same year, Kongo Iwao (the first head) of the Kyoto Kongo family, a disciple of the school, established the Kongo family separately from Sakado Kongo. The family was originally a Noh actor family with the surname Nomura who had frequent access to the Imperial Court, and had been allowed to use the Kongo family name since the time of Teinosuke, the great-grandfather of the second head Iwao (the third son of the first head). The style of the school combines the vividness of the form commonly known as "dancing Kongo" with the elegance of the Kyoto style. It has a strong sense of realism and excels in quick movements. Based at the Kongo Noh Theater in Kyoto (the oldest Noh stage in regular use), the head family father and son are the main focus, and the Teshima, Taneda, Imai, and Hirota families are active, and in Tokyo there are successors to the late Okuno Tatsuya, a disciple of Kongo Ukyo. It has its own official magazine, Kongo.

[Masuda Shozo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

能の一流派。シテ方五流の一つ。南北朝ごろ大和猿楽(やまとさるがく)の一座として興福寺に属していた坂戸座(さかとざ)の後の名。坂戸座は奈良県生駒(いこま)郡三郷(さんごう)村坂戸に座があったのでこの名があり、鎌倉時代は法隆寺に属した呪師(じゅし)猿楽の座といわれる。14世紀初めの坂戸氏勝(うじかつ)を流祖というが、明らかでない。氏勝から数えて6世の善岳正明(ぜんがくまさあき)のとき、姓を金剛と改めた。中興の祖は鼻金剛とよばれた8世金剛氏正で、豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉から金剛座800石の朱印を得ている。江戸時代は徳川幕府に仕えた。のち喜多流をおこした喜多七大夫(しちたゆう)が一時金剛大夫を継いだ時期もあり、能面「孫次郎」の創作者と伝えられる右京頼勝(よりかつ)や、「脚疾(あしばや)又兵衛」とあだ名された名手の又兵衛長頼(ながより)らが名高い。明治維新後は、氏成(うじしげ)（唯一）・泰一郎父子が東京・麻布の能舞台を中心に能楽復興の先駆をなしたが、移転、焼失などの不幸が重なった。泰一郎の子、23世金剛右京氏慧(うじやす)は独自の鮮やかな技(わざ)と故実に明るい見識で名声が高かったが、不遇であった。そして遺言により1936年（昭和11）彼の死をもって坂戸金剛家は断絶した。

　しかし他の四流宗家の斡旋(あっせん)もあって、同年中に、弟子家である京都金剛家の金剛巌(いわお)（初世）が、坂戸金剛とは別に金剛宗家をたてた。本来野村姓の禁中出入りの能役者の家柄で、2世巌（初世の三男）の曽祖父(そうそふ)の禎之助(ていのすけ)の代から金剛姓を許されている。流儀の芸風は俗に「舞(まい)金剛」といわれる型の鮮やかさに、京都風の優美さを加えている。写実味が強く、早技(はやわざ)を得意とする。京都の金剛能楽堂（常用されている能舞台ではもっとも古い）を拠点に、宗家父子を中心に豊島(てしま)、種田、今井、広田の各家が活躍し、東京には金剛右京の弟子である故奥野達也(たつや)の後継者たちがいる。機関誌『金剛』をもつ。

［増田正造］

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