Systematic taxonomy

Japanese: 系統分類学 - けいとうぶんるいがく
Systematic taxonomy

A science that classifies and arranges living organisms according to their relationships with one another, and organizes them systematically. Organisms on Earth are extremely diverse, but when we examine their morphology, development, and life functions, we can divide them into many groups that contain organisms that are very similar to one another. If we group these groups into larger groups based on the commonalities or similarities between them, we can create a systematic system.

Systematic taxonomy is based on the theory of evolution, which posits that current organisms evolved, and is based on phylogenetic development, but in reality it is impossible to experimentally trace past trajectories. For this reason, it is necessary to incorporate the results of comparative morphology, comparative development, paleontology (paleobiology), genetics, and other fields, as well as methods from biochemistry and molecular biology, in order to revise the system to a more reliable one. Recent developments in genetics and molecular biology have made it possible to compare gene structures and the molecular level, which is important in this sense.

[Takehiko Nakane]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生物をそれらの間の類縁関係に従って分類配列して、系統的に体系づける学問。地球上にすむ生物はきわめて多様であるが、それらの形態、発生、生活機能などを吟味すると、互いによく類似したものを含む多数の群に分けることができる。このような群をそれらの間の共通ないし類似性に基づいてより大きな群へ順次まとめていけば、系統的な体系がつくりあげられることになる。

 系統分類学は、現在の生物が進化して生じたものであるとする進化説を基礎に置き、系統発生をよりどころとしているが、実際には過去の軌跡を実験的にたどることは不可能である。そのため、比較形態学、比較発生学、古生物学(化石学)、遺伝学などの成果を取り入れ、さらに生化学、分子生物学などの方法も導入して、より確実な体系へ改めていく必要がある。近年の遺伝学および分子生物学の発展は遺伝子の構成や分子レベルでの比較を可能にし、この意味で重要である。

[中根猛彦]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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