Revolt of the Comuneros - The Comuneros's Rebellion

Japanese: コムネロスの反乱 - コムネロスのはんらん(英語表記)Tumulto de los Comuneros
Revolt of the Comuneros - The Comuneros's Rebellion
A revolt of comunidads (city self-governing organizations) that occurred in Spain in the early 16th century. Comuneros refers to the citizens who made up a comunidad. King Charles I of Spain (→ Charles V) put pressure on the fueros, or medieval privileges of cities, in order to enforce his absolutist rule. He also demanded that the Spanish Cortes pay for his election as Holy Roman Emperor. The cities that had sent representatives to the Cortes opposed this, and the citizens of Toledo first organized a comunidad and rebelled (1520). This revolt of the comunidads spread to Castile, Andalusia, and Leon, but was suppressed (21). It is considered one of the most notable revolutions that occurred in Spain in the early modern period. The term comunidad originally referred to an autonomous city organization, but because the absolute monarchy took away this right, it was reborn as an autonomous organization of citizens only when they resisted authority. Other revolts of the same name occurred in Colombia and Paraguay.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
16世紀初め,スペインに起ったコムニダー (都市の自治組織) の反乱。コムネロスはコムニダーの構成市民をさす。スペイン王カルロス1世 (→カルル5世 ) は絶対主義支配を徹底させるためフエロ,すなわち都市の中世的特権に圧力を加えた。また彼が神聖ローマ皇帝となった選挙費用の支出をスペインのコルテスに要求した。コルテスに代表を送っていた都市はこれに反対し,まずトレド市民がコムニダーを組織し反乱を起した (1520) 。このコムネロスの反乱はカスティリア,アンダルシア,レオンに拡大したが鎮定された (21) 。近代初期にスペインに起った革命として注目されている。コムニダーは本来,自治都市組織をさしたが,絶対王政によりその権利を奪われたので,権力に抵抗する場合にのみ市民による自治組織として再現された。ほかに同名の反乱がコロンビア,パラグアイにも起った。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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