It usually refers to orthosilicic acid, H 4 SiO 4 , but it is sometimes used as a general term including metasilicic acid (H 2 SiO 3 ) n and various other forms of acid, or the amorphous, indefinite-composition hydrated silicon dioxide represented by x SiO 2 ・ y H 2 O. Orthosilicic acid is obtained as a colorless powder by hydrolyzing silicon tetrahalide or treating alkali orthosilicate with hydrochloric acid and washing the product with ether, benzene, etc., and drying, but it is difficult to obtain pure H 4 SiO 4 , and H 2 SiO 3 , H 2 Si 2 O 5 , etc. are often mixed in. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ふつうはオルトケイ酸H4SiO4を指すが,メタケイ酸(H2SiO3)nのほか各種の形式の酸,あるいはxSiO2・yH2Oであらわされる無定形不定組成の水和二酸化ケイ素を含めた総称として用いられることもある。オルトケイ酸は,四ハロゲン化ケイ素を加水分解するか,オルトケイ酸アルカリを塩酸で処理し,生成物をエーテル,ベンゼンなどで洗浄し乾燥すると無色粉末状の化合物として得られるが,純粋にH4SiO4のみを得るのはむずかしく,H2SiO3,H2Si2O5などが混入する。
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