Kun (English spelling)

Japanese: クン（英語表記）Kun Béla

Born: February 20, 1886 in Silajice, Transylvania
[Died] November 30, 1939. Soviet Hungarian revolutionary and international communist leader. Also known as Béla Kun. A middle-class Jewish man, he graduated from the University of Koroslavl (now Cluj-Napoca). While at university, he was involved in organizing the Transylvanian Social Democratic Party and the labor movement, and later became a reporter for the Social Democratic Party's newspaper in Budapest. He served in the Austrian army during World War I, was captured by the Russian army, and witnessed the Russian Revolution in 1917, where he joined the Bolshevik Party. He returned to Hungary immediately after the armistice and founded the Communist Party. On March 21, 1919, he worked with the Social Democratic Party to overthrow the Károlyi government and establish a Soviet government. However, his radical policies caused discontent among the peasants and the middle class, and he also invited armed intervention by the Romanian army, so he resigned on July 31 of the same year and went into exile, first to Vienna and then to Moscow. At the request of Comintern, he led the German Communist Party uprising in March 1921, but failed and was criticized by Lenin. He subsequently served in the Comintern's Balkan Secretariat. In 1936, he was sent to Spain during the civil war, but was soon returned to Moscow and became a victim of the Great Purge.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1886.2.20. トランシルバニア，シラージチェ
[没]1939.11.30頃.ソ連
ハンガリーの革命運動家，国際共産主義運動の指導者。ベーラ・クンとも呼ばれる。ユダヤ系中間層の出身でコロスワール (現クルージナポカ) の大学を卒業。在学中からトランシルバニアの社会民主党の組織化や労働運動に従事，のちにブダペストで社会民主党機関紙の記者となった。第1次世界大戦にはオーストリア軍人として出征，ロシア軍の捕虜となり，1917年ロシア革命に遭遇，ボルシェビキ党に入党。休戦直後ハンガリーに帰国し，共産党を創立。 1919年3月 21日，社会民主党と協力してカーロイ政府を打倒し，ソビエト政権を樹立した。しかし過激な政策によって農民や中間層の不満を買い，さらにルーマニア軍の武力干渉を招いて，同年7月 31日辞職，まずウィーンに，次いでモスクワに亡命した。コミンテルンの依頼により，1921年3月ドイツ共産党の蜂起を指導したが失敗，レーニンに批判された。以後コミンテルン・バルカン書記局で活動。 1936年内乱下のスペインに派遣されたが，まもなくモスクワに戻され，大粛清の犠牲となった。

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