Aachen - Aachen (English spelling)

Japanese: アーヘン - あーへん(英語表記)Aachen
Aachen - Aachen (English spelling)

Aix-la-Chapelle is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. It is located in the basin of the same name, on the western edge of the state, near the borders with Belgium and the Netherlands. Its French name is Aix la Chapelle. It has a population of 244,400 (2000). It is a historic city located along the ancient Roman road to Cologne. It is still a transportation hub on the border, with international railways connecting Cologne to Belgium and France and the E5 Autobahn passing through it. Industries such as textiles, needles, machinery, electrical equipment, and glass are carried out, and there is a university, mainly a technical university. There are also 11 hot springs (72°C) and it has been known as a hot spring resort since ancient times. The old town castle, which forms the center of the city, is circular, and the remains of the wall from the end of the 12th century and the 14th century form a double ring road. The center of the town is made up of the famous dome, the town hall, the market, and the square, and is bordered by a spring and a park to the south. Outside the inner ring road are the central shopping street Adalbertstrasse and the city theater (1825). The Ponto Gate (1320) remains as a vestige of the 14th century enclosure wall, and there is a vast thermal spring park to the northeast of the old town castle.

[Hiroshi Kobayashi]

history

It was once an imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. Since the 1st century, it has been used by the Romans as a spa resort, but Charlemagne built a royal palace here in 794-795, and was buried in the palace chapel after his death. After it was destroyed by the Normans in 881, it became customary for successive German kings to ascend the throne here, from Otto I in 936 to Ferdinand I in 1531. In 1166, Frederick I granted the city law and various privileges, solidifying the foundations of a free city. After 1348, a struggle broke out between the guilds (professional guilds) against the oligarchy of the city's nobility, and in 1450, a charter allowed craftsmen to participate in city government. During the Reformation, conflicts arose between the old and new churches within the city chapter, which led to excommunication by the emperor twice, but the conflicts ultimately ended in victory for the old church. Following the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815, it was incorporated into Prussia as part of the Rhine state, and since 1946 has been part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

[Shosuke Hirajo]

[Reference item] | Aachen Cathedral

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ西部、ノルトライン・ウェストファーレン州の都市。同州の西縁、ベルギー、オランダとの国境近く、同名の盆地内に位置する。フランス語名エクス・ラ・シャペルAix la Chapelle。人口24万4400(2000)。ケルンに至る古代のローマ道路に沿って立地した歴史的な都市。現在もケルンからベルギー、フランスに通じる国際鉄道や、アウトバーンE5が通る国境の交通要地である。織物、針、機械、電気機器、ガラスなどの工業が行われ、工科大学を主とする大学がある。また11の温泉(泉温72℃)があり、古来温泉地としても知られる。市の中央部をなす旧市城は円形で、12世紀末および14世紀の囲壁跡が二重の環状道路となり、町の中心部は有名なドームや市庁舎、市場、広場で構成され、南に泉と公園が接する。内環道路の外側に中心商店街アダルベルト通りや市立劇場(1825)がある。14世紀の囲壁の名残(なごり)としてポント門(1320)が残され、旧市城の北東側に広大な温泉公園がある。

[小林 博]

歴史

かつては神聖ローマ帝国の帝国都市であった。1世紀以降ローマ人により温泉保養地として利用されていたが、794~795年カール大帝がこの地に王宮を建設し、死後はその宮廷礼拝堂に葬られた。881年ノルマン人による破壊を受けたのち、936年オットー1世が即位して以降、1531年のフェルディナント1世に至るまで、歴代ドイツ国王はこの地で即位する慣例となった。1166年フリードリヒ1世から都市法や種々の特権が賦与され、自由都市としての基礎が固まった。1348年以降、都市貴族の寡頭支配に対しツンフト(同職ギルド)闘争が勃発(ぼっぱつ)、1450年の特許状により、手工業者の市政参加が認められた。宗教改革期には都市参事会内部で新旧両教派の紛争が生じ、そのため二度まで皇帝による破門を招いたが、結局、紛争は旧教派の勝利に終わった。1814~1815年のウィーン会議によりプロイセン領に編入されてライン州に所属し、1946年以降はノルトライン・ウェストファーレン州の所属となった。

[平城照介]

[参照項目] | アーヘン大聖堂

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