Raznochintsy (English spelling) разночинцы/raznochintsï Russian

Japanese: ラズノチンツィ - らずのちんつぃ(英語表記)разночинцы/raznochintsï ロシア語
Raznochintsy (English spelling) разночинцы/raznochintsï Russian

This refers to the Russian intellectual class of the 18th and 19th centuries, consisting of people from various classes between the privileged nobility and the serfs and peasants. They were teachers, journalists, lawyers, doctors, writers, civil servants, etc., and were more or less critical of the old system. The more radical of them were active in the serf emancipation movement from the 1840s (people in the Belinsky and Petrashevsky circles), and after the emancipation they played a leading role in the revolutionary movement (revolutionary democrats such as Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov, the Narodniks). Lenin called them "the intellectual class of the liberal, democratic bourgeoisie" and defined the revolutionary movement of the second half of the 19th century (roughly 1861-1895) as a mixed-class, bourgeois-democratic stage.

[Takeo Kuryuzawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

18~19世紀のロシアの雑階級人、とくに特権的貴族と農奴、農民の中間に位置するさまざまな階層の出身者からなる知識人階級をいう。彼らは教師、ジャーナリスト、弁護士、医師、文学者、官吏などとして多かれ少なかれ旧体制に批判的な立場をとった。その急進的な部分は、1840年代から農奴解放運動に積極的に活躍し(ベリンスキーやペトラシェフスキー・サークルの人々)、解放後は革命運動に指導的な役割を果たした(チェルヌィシェフスキー、ドブロリューボフら革命的民主主義者、ナロードニキ)。レーニンは、彼らを「自由主義的、民主主義的ブルジョアジーの有識者層」とよび、19世紀後半(およそ1861~95年)の革命運動を雑階級的、ブルジョア民主主義的段階と規定した。

[栗生沢猛夫]

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