Bronchi -

Japanese: 気管支 - きかんし
Bronchi -

The airway begins at the lower end of the trachea. When the human trachea descends to the level of the 4th to 6th thoracic vertebrae, it splits into the left and right bronchi. This split is called the carina. The left and right bronchi descend obliquely downward to the hilum, where they branch into small branches and enter the lung, becoming the lobar bronchi. The lobar bronchi further branch into segmental bronchi, and the area where the branches of each segmental bronchus are distributed becomes a lung segment. These lung segments play an important role in surgery when the lung is partially resected, so they are classified and named in detail. The segmental bronchi further branch and become thinner, becoming bronchioles when their diameter is less than 1 millimeter. The bronchioles further branch into interlobular bronchioles, and finally into respiratory bronchioles, which open into the alveolar ducts, the entrances to the alveoli.

The right bronchus is about 2-3 cm long and has 6-8 incomplete ring-shaped bronchial cartilages attached around it. The left bronchus is about 5-6 cm long and has 9-12 bronchial cartilages attached around it. Because the heart is shifted to the left of the midline, the left bronchus is steeper after branching and has a smaller diameter, but the right bronchus is more gently sloped and wider, so if a foreign object is swallowed, it is more likely to enter the right bronchus.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

[Reference] | Trachea
Branching of the bronchi and structure of the alveoli
©Shogakukan ">

Branching of the bronchi and structure of the alveoli


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

気管の下端から始まる気道。ヒトの気管は第4~第6胸椎(きょうつい)の高さまで下降すると左右の気管支に分かれる。この分かれる部分を気管分岐部という。左右の気管支は斜外下方に向かって肺門まで下降し、肺門部で細かく分岐して肺内に入り、肺葉気管支となる。肺葉気管支はさらに分岐して区気管支となり、各区気管支の枝が分布する範囲が一つの肺区域となる。この肺区域は肺の部分的切除のとき、手術上、重要な役割を果たすので、詳しく分類・命名されている。区気管支はさらに分岐して細くなり、直径が1ミリメートル以下になると細気管支となる。細気管支は、さらに小葉間細気管支となり、最終的には呼吸細気管支となって、肺胞の入口である肺胞管に開く。

 右気管支は長さ約2~3センチメートルで、周囲には6~8個の不完全な輪状の気管支軟骨が付着している。左気管支は長さ約5~6センチメートルで、9~12個の気管支軟骨が付着している。心臓が正中線より左側に偏しているため左気管支は分岐後の傾きが強く、また径も細いが、右気管支は傾きが緩く、かつ径が太いので、異物を飲み込んだときは右気管支に入りやすい。

[嶋井和世]

[参照項目] | 気管
気管支の分岐と肺胞の構造
©Shogakukan">

気管支の分岐と肺胞の構造


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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