A type of aliphatic chlorine compound, also known as trichloromethane. It is obtained by reacting ethanol (ethyl alcohol) or acetone with calcium hypochlorite (haloform reaction). Bleaching powder is used for this chlorination. Industrially, it is synthesized by chlorinating methane. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet odor. Liquid chloroform is nonflammable, but its vapor is flammable. It slowly decomposes in air when exposed to light to produce the highly toxic phosgene COCl2 . 2CHCl3 + 3 (O) [Masahiro Hirota] PharmaceuticalIt is a historical inhalation anesthetic that damages the heart, kidneys, and liver, and also often causes post-anesthetic nausea and vomiting, so it is no longer used for anesthesia today, and is only used as an extraction solvent and analytical reagent, since other better inhalation anesthetics have appeared. In the UK, it is used as chloroform water in the Brompton mixture of cocaine and morphine used to relieve cancer pain. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
脂肪族塩素化合物の一種で、トリクロロメタンともいう。エタノール(エチルアルコール)またはアセトンと次亜塩素酸カルシウムとの反応によって得られる(ハロホルム反応)。この塩素化にはさらし粉が用いられる。工業的にはメタンの塩素化により合成している。甘い芳香をもつ無色の液体で揮発性がある。液体のクロロホルムは不燃性であるが、蒸気は燃える。空気中で光により徐々に分解して猛毒のホスゲンCOCl2を生成する。 2CHCl3+3(O) [廣田 穰] 医薬用歴史的な吸入麻酔剤で、心臓、腎臓(じんぞう)、肝臓を障害するほか、麻酔後の悪心(おしん)や嘔吐(おうと)も多く、ほかによい吸入麻酔薬が出現したことから現在では麻酔にほとんど使用されず、抽出用溶媒や分析試薬として用いられるにすぎない。なお、イギリスでは癌(がん)性疼痛(とうつう)の緩和用に使われるコカイン・モルヒネ混液(ブロンプトンミクスチャー)にクロロホルム水として使用されている。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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