A planktonic freshwater algae of the Chlorophyta family, Megachilidae. It is bright green and has a tiny spherical or egg-shaped single cell. The tiny particles, less than 10 micrometers in diameter, are aflagellate-free and cannot swim, so they grow separately and float in the water. They are distributed universally in freshwater areas throughout Japan and appear throughout the year, but they reproduce vigorously in the summer. They reproduce rapidly because they only reproduce asexually by dividing the body and producing autospores inside. Chlorella serves as food for fish and shellfish, and also produces oxygen through photosynthesis, so as long as the density of chlorella in the water is moderate, it helps create a good environment for fish and shellfish to live. However, if the density of chlorella becomes too high, a condition known as "nose-up/water change" can occur, which can result in the tragic death of all fish and shellfish at once. On the other hand, Chlorella bodies contain a lot of chlorophyll, and it is easy to make them uniformly suspended in water, so they have long been used as a good material for photosynthesis research. As a result, the conditions for cultivating Chlorella have been understood for a long time, and by changing the recipe for the culture solution, it is possible to make the bodies contain a lot of protein or fat. In addition, because Chlorella can be produced three-dimensionally in water, it has been said that it is mathematically more efficient than food production in fields, which can only be used flatly, and it has been touted as the food of the future. However, in reality, it has been found to be unsuitable as food for humans due to its extremely high production costs, high indigestible content, and lack of palatability. However, through these various studies, although there is a lack of scientific evidence, it has been publicized that, from a practical standpoint, (1) eating the dried powder on a regular basis is effective in maintaining health, (2) pond water containing chlorella is useful as a drink or feed for livestock, and (3) chlorella extract contains certain hormonal substances that promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria, or substances that are effective for the health of human skin, and so on. As a result, the name "chlorella" is often attached to various commercial products. Furthermore, in the field of fisheries, aquaculture, in which marine animals undergo all the processes of "egg hatching → fry → seedlings → adulthood" under constant artificial control, is widespread, and chlorella is used as food for the early fry. [Moriaki Shinzaki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
緑藻植物、オオキスタ科のプランクトン性淡水藻。鮮緑色で、微小な球形あるいは卵形の単細胞体。径10マイクロメートル以下の微小粒体は無鞭毛(むべんもう)で遊泳力がなく、個々が離れ離れとなって、水中に浮遊分散して生育する。日本各地の淡水域に普遍的に分布し、1年を通じて出現するが、とくに夏季に旺盛(おうせい)な繁殖がみられる。繁殖法は、体内容が分割して内部に自生胞子をつくるという無性的な増殖を繰り返すだけなため、急速に殖えていく。クロレラは魚貝類の餌料(じりょう)となり、また光合成を行って酸素を発生するなどの作用があるので、水中でのクロレラ密度が適度である間は、魚貝類生活へのよい環境づくりに役だっているが、クロレラ密度が過密になると、いわゆる「鼻上げ・水変り」という状態がおきて魚貝類を一斉に殺すという惨状を呈することもある。 一方、クロレラ体中にはクロロフィルが多く含有され、また、水中に一様に浮遊させるということも容易なため、古くから光合成研究の好材料として使用されてきた。このため、クロレラの培養条件なども早くからわかっており、培養液の処方を変えると、タンパク質あるいは脂肪の含有量の多い体にすることができる。また、生産量も、水中を立体的に使用できるために、平面的にしか使えない田畑の食糧生産よりも計算上は効率がよいなどの論が生まれ、人類の未来食糧として喧伝(けんでん)されたこともあった。しかし実際には、生産原価がきわめて高くつく、不消化分が多い、嗜好(しこう)にあわないなどの点で、人類の食糧としては不向きであることが判明した。しかしながら、こうした諸研究を通じて、やや科学的実証の欠ける面もあるが、実用面では、(1)乾燥粉末体を食べ続けると健康を保つに有効、(2)含クロレラ池水は家畜の飲料また飼料として有益、(3)クロレラ抽出液には、乳酸菌の生育を促進するある種のホルモン的物質、あるいは人間の皮膚の保健に効果のある物質を含む、などが喧伝されており、しばしば諸種の商品に「クロレラ」の名が冠せられている。 なおまた、水産の分野では、水産動物類の「卵の孵化(ふか)→稚児→種苗→成体」の諸過程を一貫して人工管理下に行う養殖業が普及しているが、初期稚児時代の餌料としてクロレラが使われている。 [新崎盛敏] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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