A Shinto religious organization. One of the thirteen old Shinto sects. Its founder was Kurozumi Munetada. It began in 1814 (Bunka 11), when Munetada, a priest at Imamuramiya in Bizen Province (Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture), gained followers by giving lectures and performing spells based on a religious experience he had at the age of 34. In the early days, believers were mainly from the samurai class in Bizen and Mimasaka (Okayama prefecture), but after Munetada's death, the religion spread to Chugoku, Shikoku, and Kinki thanks to the missionary activities of the so-called Six Disciples: Ishio Kensuke (1775-1859), Kawakami Tadaaki (1795-1862), Tokio Munemichi (1817-1862), Akagi Tadaharu (1816-1865), Hoshijima Ryouhei (1835-1878), and Morishita Keitan (1824-1891). Akagi in particular gained the trust of nobles such as the Nijo and Kujo families in his missionary work in Kyoto, and in 1862 (Bunkyu 2) he founded Munetada Shrine in Kaguraoka. The number of believers further increased from the end of the Edo period through to the Meiji Restoration, and in 1872 (Meiji 5) the Kurozumi Kosha was officially recognized by the Meiji Restoration government. In 1876 it became the first Shinto sect to become independent as the Shinto Kurozumiha, with Munetada's grandson Kurozumi Muneatsu (1848-1889) as its first chief priest. In 1882 it was renamed Kurozumikyo, and has remained so to this day, but from the latter half of the Meiji period onwards its influence has declined. It can be said that this religious organization has the characteristics of a Shinto sect the most in that it was based on Shinto faith, with Amaterasu Omikami at its center, and had a clear method of propagation and indoctrination. The headquarters is in Onoue, Kita-ku, Okayama City. There are 316 churches, 13 missionary stations, 1,491 teachers, and 297,545 believers (Religious Yearbook, 2014 edition). There are also two shrines. [Junko Inoue] [Reference items] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
神道(しんとう)教団。旧教派神道十三派の一つ。黒住宗忠(むねただ)を教祖とする。備前(びぜん)国今村宮(岡山県岡山市北区)の禰宜(ねぎ)宗忠が、1814年(文化11)34歳のとき得た宗教体験をもとに、講釈および禁厭(きんえん)(まじない)活動を行い、信者を得たのに始まる。初期は備前、美作(みまさか)(岡山県)の武士階級を中心に信者が形成されたが、宗忠の没後、石尾乾介(いしおけんすけ)(1775―1859)、河上忠晶(かわかみただあき)(1795―1862)、時尾宗道(ときおむねみち)(1817―1862)、赤木忠春(あかぎただはる)(1816―1865)、星島良平(ほしじまりょうへい)(1835―1878)、森下景端(もりしたけいたん)(1824―1891)のいわゆる六高弟を中心とする布教活動により、教線は中国、四国、近畿へと拡大していった。なかでも赤木は、京都布教において二条家、九条家など公卿(くぎょう)層の信頼を得、1862年(文久2)には神楽岡(かぐらおか)に宗忠神社を創建するに至っている。幕末から明治維新にかけて信者はいっそう増加し、1872年(明治5)に黒住講社が明治維新政府によって公認され、さらに1876年には、神道黒住派として教派神道のなかではもっとも早く一派独立し、宗忠の孫の黒住宗篤(むねあつ)(1848―1889)が初代管長に就任した。1882年に黒住教と改称して今日に至っているが、明治後半以降は、教勢は以前ほど振るわなくなった。天照大御神(あまてらすおおみかみ)を中心に置き、神道信仰に立脚しながら、布教・教化の方法が明確であったという意味において、もっとも教派神道の特質を備えていた教団の一つということができる。本部は岡山市北区尾上(おのうえ)。教会数316、布教所数13、教師数1491、信者数29万7545(『宗教年鑑』平成26年版)。ほかに神社が二つある。 [井上順孝] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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