Ju-Ran (English spelling)

Japanese: 巨然 - きょねん（英語表記）Ju-Ran

A Chinese painter-monk from the Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty. He was born in Zhongling (Jiangxi Province) or, according to one theory, Jiangning (Nanjing). He became a monk and lived in Kaiyuan Temple in Nanjing and Kaibao Temple in Bianjing (Kaifeng). He inherited the landscape painting style of Dong Yuan, and was later known as Dong Ju. He painted the nature of Jiangnan in a simple manner using a somewhat rough brush and ink technique, but his biographies are a mix of Dong and Ju, and there are no definite extant remains.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，五代，宋初の画僧。鍾陵 (江西省) ，一説に江寧 (南京) の人。僧となり南京の開元寺，汴京 (べんけい。開封) の開宝寺などに歴住。董源 (とうげん) の山水画風を受継ぎ，のちには董・巨と並称された。やや粗放な筆墨法により江南の自然を平明に描いたが，伝記は董・巨が入り交っており確実な現存遺品はない。

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