A deep but narrow valley. The slopes of the valley walls on both sides are vertical or nearly so steep. For a canyon to form, the average elevation must be high and there must be enough room for the valley to be carved down to the erosion base line. The riverbed must have a steep slope and active carving. The rocks of the valley walls must be hard and able to maintain the steep slope. The climate must be dry and the valley walls must not be eroded by rain or weathered. The world-famous Grand Canyon in the United States is carved by the Colorado River over a length of 450 kilometers, with an average depth of 1,600 meters. Here, carving has exposed the Cenozoic lava at the top of the plateau to the Archeozoic metamorphic rocks exposed at the bottom of the valley. Yosemite Canyon is famous for its vertical granite cliffs. [Shigemi Takayama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
深いわりには幅の狭い谷。両岸の谷壁斜面が垂直またはこれに近い急傾斜をなす。峡谷ができるためには、全体の平均高度が高く、侵食基準面まで下刻するのに十分な余地があること。河床勾配(こうばい)が急で下刻が活発に行われること。谷壁の岩石が硬くて急勾配を保持できること。乾燥気候下にあり、谷壁の雨食や風化が進行しないことなどが必要である。世界的に有名なアメリカのグランド・キャニオンはコロラド川が延長450キロメートルにわたって、平均1600メートルの深さの谷をうがっている。ここでは、台地の最上部にある新生代の溶岩から谷底に露出する始原代の変成岩までを下刻によって露出させている。ヨセミテ峡谷は花崗(かこう)岩の垂直な絶壁で有名である。 [髙山茂美] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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