Grozny (English spelling)

Japanese: グロズヌイ（英語表記）Grozny

Chechnya is the capital of the Republic of Chechnya, located in the North Caucasus, southwest of Russia. It is located at the northern foot of the central Greater Caucasus Mountains, overlooking the Sunzha River, a tributary of the Terek River. The town was built as a fortress in 1818, and is known as the place where Tolstoy and Lermontov served in the military. Oil fields were discovered in the city nearly 23 years ago, but large-scale development did not begin until the railway was built in 1993, and the city has since developed into a major center of the oil industry. In the 1950s, new oil fields were discovered. The extracted oil is sent by pipeline to Makhachkala on the Caspian Sea coast, Tuapse on the Black Sea coast, Donbass (the Donets coalfield), and other places. In addition to large-scale oil refining and petrochemical industries, the city also has thriving industries in oil industry machinery and food (canned goods, wine, meat), etc. It is an important center of science and technology research for the Russian oil industry. It is also the educational and cultural center of the republic, with the Chechen University (1972), the Pedagogical University, a puppet theater, and the Museum of Art and Design. The city is on the main railway line connecting Rostov-on-Don and Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, and is a highway junction. There is also an airport. Population: 271,596 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ロシア南西部，北カフカス，チェチェン共和国の首都。大カフカス山脈中部北麓にあり，テレク川支流スンジャ川にのぞむ。 1818年要塞として建設された町で，トルストイやレールモントフが軍役に服したところとして知られる。 23年近くで油田が発見されたが，大規模な開発は 93年鉄道が通じてからで，以後石油産業の大中心地として発展。 1950年代には新しい油田が発見された。採掘された石油はパイプラインでカスピ海沿岸のマハチカラ，黒海沿岸のトゥアプセ，ドンバス (ドネツ炭田) などへ送られている。大規模な石油精製業，石油化学工業があるほか，石油産業用機械，食品 (缶詰，ワイン，食肉) などの工業も盛ん。ロシアの石油産業の重要な科学技術研究中心地となっている。また共和国の教育・文化中心地で，チェチェン大学 (1972) ，教育大学，人形劇場，造形美術館などがある。ロストフナドヌーとアゼルバイジャンの首都バクーを結ぶ幹線鉄道が通り，ハイウェー分岐点。空港もある。人口 27万1596（2010）。

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