A Benedictine monastery based in Cluny, France. Founded in 910. The first abbot was Bernaud (in office 906-927), under whose guidance the church (first period) and other buildings were built. Under his successors, the abbot's spiritual activity increased, and he carried out the renovation of Benedictine monasteries in various locations, reaching its peak under abbot Hugh in the late 11th century. The second period of Cluny Abbey was built around 981. It is a triple-aisled basilica with three eastern apses, a barrel-vaulted atrium and narthex, and a tunnel-vaulted nave. This type of church influenced churches from Burgundy to Normandy, and even the church at Hirsau in Germany. San Juan de la Peña in Spain is also in this style. Construction of the third period of the Cluny Abbey began around 1088-1130 during the reign of Abbot Hugh, and took 40 to 45 years to complete. It is 184m long from east to west, with a nave about 29m high. It has two eastern transepts, four aisles, a semicircular ambulatory, and five radially arranged chapels. The barrel vaulted nave is supported by side aisles with cross vaults. This building was the largest of its kind at the time, and was built using the most advanced techniques. Its capitals and other sculptures and paintings are masterpieces of Romanesque art, and its influence extends as far as Germany, Spain, Italy, and Switzerland. The abbey was abolished during the French Revolution, and most of the buildings were destroyed, and only parts of the third period remain. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
フランスのクリュニーを根拠としたベネディクト会修道院。創立は 910年。最初の修道院長はベルノー (在職 906~927) で,彼の指導下に聖堂 (第1期) そのほかの建物が建立された。その後継者たちの時代に,その精神活動は高まり,各地のベネディクト会修道院群の改新を遂行し,11世紀後半のフーゴー院長の時代にはその頂点に達した。第2期クリュニー修道院の建設は,981年頃。三廊十字形のバシリカ式聖堂で,3つの東アプスをもち,筒形ボールトのアトリウムとナルテックス,トンネル形ボールトの身廊部から成る。このタイプの聖堂は,ブルゴーニュからノルマンディー,さらにドイツのヒルザウの聖堂にまで影響を及ぼした。スペインのサン・ファン・デ・ラ・ペーニャもこの様式。第3期クリュニー修道院は,フーゴー院長時代の 1088~1130年頃に着工され,40年ないし 45年を費やして完成。東西約 184m,身廊部の高さ約 29m。2つの東袖廊 (トランセプト) ,4つのアイル,半円形のアンビュラトリー,5つの放射状に配置された礼拝堂をもち,筒形ボールトの身廊部が交差ボールトの天井をもつ側廊に支えられている。この建築は,当時最大の規模,最新の技術で,またその柱頭彫刻そのほかの彫刻絵画もロマネスク美術の代表的な傑作で,その影響は,ドイツ,スペイン,イタリア,スイスにまで及んでいる。フランス革命によって修道院は廃され,建物の大半は破壊されて,現存しているのは第3期の一部のみである。
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