Appel, K.

Japanese: アッペル,K. - あっぺる
Appel, K.

…In 1990, P. Heawood showed that five colors were necessary for coloring, and in 1937, P. Franklin showed that four colors were sufficient when the number of countries was 36 or less, but no substantial progress was made and the problem remained a difficult one for a long time. However, in 1976, this problem was solved in the affirmative by K. Appel and W. Haken using a large computer. They showed that the map coloring problem could be reduced to the coloring problem of 1,936 standard maps of different types, and confirmed that all standard maps could be colored using four colors using a computer. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Appel, K." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…そして90年にはヒーウッドP.J.Heawoodによって5色あれば色分け可能であることが示され,1937年にはフランクリンP.Franklinによって国の数が36以下であるときは4色で十分であることが示されたが,本質的な進展はみられず,永い間難問とされていた。しかしながら,76年になってこの難問も大型コンピューターの使用によりアッペルK.AppelとハーケンW.Hakenにより肯定的に解決された。彼らは地図の色分け問題は型の異なる1936個の標準的な地図の色分け問題に帰着できることを示し,コンピューターの使用により標準的な地図はいずれも4色で塗り分けられることを確かめたのである。…

※「アッペル,K.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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