German painter. There are many unknowns about his biography, and the name Grünewald was misinterpreted by the painter and art historian Joachim von Sandrart (1606-88), and today it is his common name. His real name is believed to have been Matthias (Mathias) Gotthard (Gothart) Neithard (Nithart). It is believed that he had a studio in Seligenstadt near Aschaffenburg from 1501 to 1526, and from 1508 he worked as court painter for Archbishop Albrecht von Brandenburg of Mainz. Later in life, he sided with the peasants in the Peasants' War and was defeated, and moved to Frankfurt in 1527 and Halle in 1528, where he spent the rest of his life as a fountain engineer. Although few of his works remain, they are recognizable as a combination of Gothic traditions such as religious passion and mystical symbolism, and new Renaissance elements such as light-filled spaces and distinctive human figures, and the conflict, contradiction, and clash between these two elements produce rare tension and intense emotional expression in his work. This characteristic is particularly evident in his masterpiece, the Isenheim Altarpiece, which is not only a treasure of German art but also a masterpiece that has made his name immortal in art history. Other works he produced include "The Mock of Christ" (1503, Alte Pinakothek, Munich), "The Crucifixion" (1505, Kunsthalle Basel), "Madonna" (1517-19, Parish Church of Stupach), and "Saints Erasmus and Mauritius" (c. 1526, Alte Pinakothek, Munich). A few drawings remain, but no prints. [Taro Nomura] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの画家。伝記的事実については不明な点が多く、グリューネワルトという名も、画家で美術史家のザントラルトJoachim von Sandrart(1606―88)によって誤伝されたもので、今日ではこれが通称となっている。本名はマティス(マティアス)・ゴタート・ナイタート(ニタート)Matthis (Mathias) Gotthard (Gothart) Neithard (Nithart)とされている。推定によれば、1501~26年アシャッフェンブルク近郊ゼーリゲンシュタットに工房をもち、08年以来マインツ大僧正アルブレヒト・フォン・ブランデンブルクの宮廷画家として働いた。後年、農民戦争で農民側に加担して敗れ、27年フランクフルト、28年ハレに移り、同地で噴水技師として生涯を終えた。現存する作品は少ないが、その表現には、一方では宗教的な情熱と神秘的な象徴主義といったゴシックの伝統、他方では光の充満した空間と個性的な人間像にみるルネサンスの新要素が併存して認められ、これら両要素の対立、矛盾、激突が、彼の表現にまれにみる緊張と感情表出の激しさを生み出している。この特色がとくに著しいのが代表作『イーゼンハイム祭壇画』で、これは単にドイツ美術の至宝であるばかりでなく、この一作によって彼の名を美術史上不朽にしている傑作でもある。 ほかに『キリスト嘲弄(ちょうろう)』(1503。ミュンヘン、アルテ・ピナコテーク蔵)、『磔刑(たっけい)』(1505。バーゼル美術館)、『マドンナ』(1517~19。シュトゥパハ教区教会)、『聖エラスムスと聖マウリティウス』(1526ころ。ミュンヘン、アルテ・ピナコテーク蔵)などの作品がある。また若干のデッサンが残っているが、版画の作品はない。 [野村太郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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