Griffith - David Wark Griffith

Japanese: グリフィス - ぐりふぃす(英語表記)David Wark Griffith
Griffith - David Wark Griffith

American film director. Born January 23rd in Crestwood, Kentucky. In his youth, he tried various professions, performing on stage as an actor while dreaming of becoming a Shakespeare in the future, but in 1908 he entered the film industry. He turned from being an actor and scriptwriter to being a director, and released the short film "Dolly's Adventure" (1908). After that, he released works one after another, and became a great director representing American film in both quality and quantity. Griffith, who is praised as the "father of cinematography," has achieved the development of the narrative structure of feature films by pioneering various film techniques, and has nurtured many talents such as stars and directors who carry the weight of Hollywood. In particular, "Intolerance" (1916) had a great impact on filmmakers and audiences around the world. His work trends can be broadly divided into the short and medium-length period from 1908 to 1914, and the feature-length period from 1915 to his later years. Griffith's technique of cross-cutting or parallel montage, which depicts two or more actions in parallel, became popular with audiences as his specialty, the "last minute rescue." However, in his later years, the sentimentalism of Victorian melodrama became a hindrance, and although he made three talkies, he dropped out of the film industry. He died in Hollywood on July 23, 1948. Other notable works include The Lonely Cottages and The Corn Hoard (both 1909), Enoch Arden (1911), The Musketeers of Pig Alley (1912), The Battle of Elderbush Crane (1913), The Assyrian Campaign (1914), The Birth of a Nation (1915), The Heart of the World (1918), Falling Flowers (1919), The Passage East (1920), and Orphans of the Tempest (1921).

[Kenji Iwamoto]

Documents List of Director's Works

The Lonely Villa (1909)
A Corner in Wheat (1909)
Enoch Arden (1911)
The Lonedale Operator (1911)
The Musketeers of Pig Alley (1912)
The Battle at Elderbush Gulch (1913)
Assyrian Campaign (Queen of Bethulia) Judith of Bethulia (1914)
Home, Sweet Home (1914)
The Avenging Conscience: or 'Thou Shalt Not Kill' (1914)
The Birth of a Nation (1915)
Intolerance (1916)
The Great Love (1918)
The Greatest Thing in Life (1918)
Hearts of the World (1918)
True Heart Susie (1919)
Scarlet Days (1919)
A Romance of Happy Valley (1919)
Broken Blossoms (1919)
The Great Question (1919)
The Girl Who Stayed at Home (1919)
The Love Flower (1920)
The Idol Dancer (1920)
Way Down East (1920)
Dream Street (1921)
Orphans of the Storm (1921)
One Exciting Night (1922)
The White Rose (1923)
America (1924)
Isn't Life Wonderful (1924)
Sally of the Sawdust (1925)
Tornado That Royle Girl (1925)
The Sorrows of Satan (1926)
Drums of Love (1928)
The Battle of the Sexes (1928)
Lady of the Pavements (1929)
Abraham Lincoln (1930)

"Lillian Gish Autobiography: Film, Griffith, and Me" by Lillian Gish, translated by Keisuke Suzuki (1990, Chikuma Shobo)""Griffith: The Visual Magician Who Built a Huge Fortress in Hollywood" by Tomoe Mukougo (1992, Media Factory)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの映画監督。1月23日ケンタッキー州クレストウッドに生まれる。青年期にさまざまな職業を遍歴、俳優として舞台に立ちながら未来のシェークスピアを夢みたが、1908年映画界へ入る。俳優、脚本家から監督へと転じ、短編『ドリーの冒険』(1908)を発表、以後矢つぎばやに作品を発表して、質・量ともにアメリカ映画を代表する大監督となった。「映画芸術の父」とたたえられるグリフィスの功績は、多様な映画技法を開拓することによって劇映画の物語構成を発展させたこと、またスターや監督らハリウッドを背負ってたつ多くの人材を育てたことにある。なかでも『イントレランス』(1916)は世界中の映画人、観客に大きな影響を与えた。作品傾向は、1908~1914年の短編・中編時代および1915年から晩年までの長編時代に大別できる。二つ以上のアクションを並行して描くクロス・カッティングまたはパラレル・モンタージュの手法は、グリフィス得意の「最後の瞬間の救助(ラスト・ミニッツ・レスキュー)」として観客に親しまれたが、晩年はビクトリア朝メロドラマの感傷癖があだとなり、トーキー作品を3本発表したものの、映画界から脱落した。1948年7月23日ハリウッドに没。その他のおもな作品に『淋(さび)しい別荘』『小麦の買占め』(ともに1909)、『イノック・アーデン』(1911)、『ピッグ横丁の銃士達(たち)』(1912)、『エルダーブッシュ峡谷の戦い』(1913)、『アッシリアの遠征』(1914)、『国民の創生』(1915)、『世界の心』(1918)、『散り行く花』(1919)、『東への道』(1920)、『嵐(あらし)の孤児』(1921)など。

[岩本憲児]

資料 監督作品一覧

淋しい別荘 The Lonely Villa(1909)
小麦の買占め A Corner in Wheat(1909)
イノック・アーデン Enoch Arden(1911)
女の叫び The Lonedale Operator(1911)
ピッグ横丁の銃士達 The Musketeers of Pig Alley(1912)
エルダーブッシュ峡谷の戦い The Battle at Elderbush Gulch(1913)
アッシリアの遠征(ベッスリアの女王) Judith of Bethulia(1914)
ホーム・スイート・ホーム Home, Sweet Home(1914)
恐ろしき一夜 The Avenging Conscience : or 'Thou Shalt Not Kill'(1914)
国民の創生 The Birth of a Nation(1915)
イントレランス Intolerance(1916)
偉大なる愛 The Great Love(1918)
人類の春 The Greatest Thing in Life(1918)
世界の心 Hearts of the World(1918)
スージーの真心 True Heart Susie(1919)
悪魔絶滅の日 Scarlet Days(1919)
幸福の谷 A Romance of Happy Valley(1919)
散り行く花 Broken Blossoms(1919)
大疑問 The Great Question(1919)
勇士の血 The Girl Who Stayed at Home(1919)
愛の花 The Love Flower(1920)
渇仰の舞姫 The Idol Dancer(1920)
東への道 Way Down East(1920)
夢の街 Dream Street(1921)
嵐の孤児 Orphans of the Storm(1921)
恐怖の一夜 One Exciting Night(1922)
ホワイトローズ The White Rose(1923)
アメリカ America(1924)
素晴しい哉人生 Isn't Life Wonderful(1924)
曲馬団のサリー Sally of the Sawdust(1925)
竜巻 That Royle Girl(1925)
サタンの嘆き The Sorrows of Satan(1926)
愛の太鼓 Drums of Love(1928)
男女の戦 The Battle of the Sexes(1928)
心の歌 Lady of the Pavements(1929)
世界の英雄 Abraham Lincoln(1930)

『リリアン・ギッシュ著、鈴木圭介訳『リリアン・ギッシュ自伝――映画とグリフィスと私』(1990・筑摩書房)』『向後友恵著『グリフィス――ハリウッドに巨大な城塞を築いた映像魔術師』(1992・メディアファクトリー)』

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