One of the great libraries of classical antiquity, located in the city of Alexandria, Egypt during the Ptolemaic and Roman Empire periods. Shortly after the city was founded by Alexander III the Great, Ptolemy I Soter (reigned 323-285 BC) encouraged learning and culture, and invited famous scholars and poets from the Mediterranean world to establish the "School (Mouseion)." The library was built as an affiliated research facility. Its collection is said to have been between 100,000 and 700,000 volumes, and its directors included such masters of linguistics and philology as Zenodotus, Eratosthenes, Aristophanes of Byzantium, and Aristarchus. The library was burned down during the Alexandrian War of 48-47 BC, but was later restored when the Roman politician M. Antony gifted Cleopatra 200,000 volumes from Pergamum's collection. However, it was gradually destroyed from the second half of the 3rd century, and was destroyed by Christians in 391 during the reign of Roman Emperor Theodosius I. It was already gone when the Arabs occupied the area in 641, and its exact location is now unknown. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
プトレマイオス朝およびローマ帝国時代に,エジプトのアレクサンドリア市にあった古典古代における有数の図書館。アレクサンドロス3世 (大王) により町が建設されてまもなく,プトレマイオス1世ソテル (在位前 323~285) が学問,文化を奨励し,地中海世界の著名な学者や詩人を招いて「学園 (ムセイオン) 」を設立したが,その際,付属の研究施設として造られた。蔵書数は 10万巻とも 70万巻ともいわれ,館長にはゼノドトス,エラトステネス,ビザンチウムのアリストファネス,アリスタルコスのような言語学,文献学の大家が就任した。前 48~47年のアレクサンドリア戦争のとき,図書館は焼け落ちたが,のちにローマの政治家 M.アントニウスがペルガモンの蔵書 20万巻をクレオパトラに贈り復旧した。しかし3世紀後半頃から次第に破壊され,ローマ皇帝テオドシウス1世治下の 391年にはキリスト教徒の手によって破壊されてしまった。アラビア人が 641年にこの地を占領したときにはすでになく,現在ではかつてあった正確な位置も不明である。
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