West, Nathanael

Japanese: ウェスト（英語表記）West， Nathanael

Born: October 17, 1903, New York
[Died] December 22, 1940. El Centro, California. American writer. Real name Nathan Wallenstein Weinstein. After graduating from Brown University in 1924, he worked as a hotel manager for a time, then moved to Paris for a while, where he published The Dream Life of Balso Snell (1931) under the influence of Dada and Surrealism. He then published Miss Lonelyhearts (33), a masterpiece satirizing modern society with a newspaper advice column as the protagonist, and established his literary reputation. After completing A Cool Million (34), a scathing success story that criticized Alger's American dream and fascism, he wrote screenplays in Hollywood for a while, and published The Day of the Locust (39), a sharp criticism of the Hollywood film industry based on his experiences. In 1940, he and his wife, who is said to be the model for Ruth McKechnie's My Sister Eileen (38), were involved in a car accident that ended his short life. His satirical and grotesque style of writing influenced later black humor and absurdist literature.

West
West, Franz

Born: February 16, 1947 in Vienna
[Died] July 26, 2012. Vienna, Austrian artist. He was highly acclaimed for his wide range of work, from contemporary collages and furniture to sculptures and colorful installations in parks. He rejected the provocative and violent performance art of the Vienna Actionists, which was the mainstream of the Austrian art world in the 1960s, and aimed for more accessible art, such as small objects that the viewer could hold in their hands. He began making drawings and collages in the 1970s, and studied under sculptor Bruno Gironcoli at the Academy of Applied Arts in Vienna from 1977 to 1982. In 2009, the Baltimore Museum of Art held a retrospective of his work from 1972 to 2008. He also created the colorful looped object Ego and Id. He represented Austria at the 1990 Venice Biennale, where he was awarded the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement in 2011.

West
West, Dame Rebecca

Born: December 25, 1892 in Kerry, Ireland
[Died] March 15, 1983. London. British female writer and journalist. Her real name was Cicely Isabel Fairfield. She started out as an actress (her pen name was taken from the heroine of Ibsen's Rosmersholm), and from the 1910s she contributed to left-wing magazines, mainly dealing with women's issues. In addition to novels such as The Return of the Soldier (1918) and The Thinking Reed (36), she also wrote Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (2 volumes, 42), which deals with Yugoslav politics, The Meaning of Treason (49), a critique of treason, A Train of Powder (55), a reportage on the Nuremberg trials, and essays on writers such as H. James and D. H. Lawrence.

West
West, Sir Edward

Born: 1782, Middlesex, England
[Died] August 1828, Bombay British judge and economist. He excelled in classics and mathematics at Oxford University, and was admitted to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1814. He became famous for writing "A Treatise of the Law and Practice of Extents in Chief and in Aid" (1817). He served as Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court from 1823 onwards. In his An Essay on the Application of Capital to Land (1815), early in the Corn Laws controversy, he was the first to formulate the law of diminishing returns along with Thomas Robert Malthus and David Ricardo, and also developed the theory of differential rent, although not in close combination with the theory of value.

West
West, Benjamin

Born October 10, 1738, near Springfield, Pennsylvania
[Died] March 11, 1820. London. An American painter active in England. He began painting at the age of six, and in 1760 travelled to Italy to study, where he was influenced by classical art. In 1763 he moved to London and became famous for his classical historical paintings. His painting The Death of Field Marshal Wolfe (1771, Kensington Palace) is famous for introducing modernity to historical painting. He later painted religious paintings inspired by Romantic ideas. In 1772 he became acquainted with King George III and became his court painter, and from 1881 to 1801 he produced murals for Windsor Castle Chapel. He was one of the founders of the Royal Academy, and served as its president for many years (1892-1805, 07-20) after Reynolds.

West
West, Charles Dickinson

Born: 1847, Dublin
[Died] January 10, 1908, Tokyo A visiting teacher from the UK. Graduated from Dublin University. Chief shipyard designer. Invited to the Imperial College of Engineering (now the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Tokyo) in June 1882, he took up his post as head professor of mechanical engineering, where he served for over 20 years until his death from illness. He established the foundations of various engineering fields in Japan, and also taught naval architecture, making a great contribution to the technological development of the navy. It is said that he trained over 1,300 Japanese engineers, and his patient teaching methods were highly praised by the university authorities. He was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Second Class.

West
West, Mae

Born: August 17, 1892 in Brooklyn, New York
[Died] November 22, 1980. Hollywood American actress, playwright, and comedian. She wrote and performed in the sex comedy Diamond Lil (1928). She subsequently appeared in many films. She was known as a sex symbol in the 1930s and 1940s.

West
West, Anthony

[Born] 1914
[Died] December 27, 1987. Connecticut. British-born critic and novelist. Naturalized in the United States. Novels include On a Dark Night (1949) and the biography DH Lawrence (1948). Son of HG Wells and R. West.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1903.10.17. ニューヨーク
[没]1940.12.22. カリフォルニア，エルセントロ
アメリカの作家。本名 Nathan Wallenstein Weinstein。 1924年ブラウン大学卒業後，一時ホテルの支配人をしていたが，その後しばらくパリに出て，ダダ，シュルレアリスムの影響下に『バルソ・スネルの夢の生活』 The Dream Life of Balso Snell (1931) をパリで出版，次いで新聞の身上相談欄担当者を主人公に，現代社会を風刺した傑作『ミス・ロンリーハーツ』 Miss Lonelyhearts (33) を発表して文名を確立した。アルジャー流のアメリカの夢や，ファシズムを批判した辛辣な成功物語『大枚百万ドル』A Cool Million (34) の完成後は，しばらくハリウッドでシナリオを書き，その経験に基づいてハリウッドの映画界を鋭く批判した『いなごの日』 The Day of the Locust (39) を発表。 40年ルース・マッケニーの『妹アイリーン』 My Sister Eileen (38) のモデルといわれる妻とともに自動車事故にあい，短い生涯を閉じた。その風刺的でグロテスクな作風は，のちのブラック・ユーモア派や不条理の文学に影響を及ぼした。

ウェスト
West, Franz

[生]1947.2.16. ウィーン
[没]2012.7.26. ウィーン
オーストリアの芸術家。現代的なコラージュや家具，彫刻，公園に設置された色とりどりのインスタレーションまで幅広い作品を制作し，高い評価を受けた。1960年代にオーストリア美術界の主流だったウィーン・アクショニストの挑発的で暴力的なパフォーマンスアートを否定し，鑑賞者が手に取ることのできる小さなオブジェなど，より親しみやすい芸術を目指した。1970年代に素描やコラージュの制作を始め，1977～82年ウィーンの応用美術アカデミーで彫刻家ブルーノ・ジロンコリのもとで学ぶ。2009年，ボルティモア美術館で，1972～2008年の作品を集めた回顧展が開催された。また，カラフルなループ状のオブジェ『エゴとイド』も制作した。1990年のベネチア・ビエンナーレにオーストリア代表として参加，2011年には同ビエンナーレで「生涯功績への金獅子賞」を贈られた。

ウェスト
West， Dame Rebecca

[生]1892.12.25. アイルランド，ケリー
[没]1983.3.15. ロンドン
イギリスの女流作家，ジャーナリスト。本名 Cicely Isabel Fairfield。初め女優として立ち (筆名はイプセンの『ロスメルスホルム』のヒロインにちなむ) ，1910年代から左翼系の雑誌に寄稿，おもに女性問題を扱った。『兵士の帰還』 The Return of the Soldier (1918) ，『考える葦』 The Thinking Reed (36) などの小説のほか，ユーゴスラビアの政治を扱った『黒い小羊と灰色の鷹』 Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (2巻，42) ，反逆罪に関する評論『反逆の意味』 The Meaning of Treason (49) ，ニュルンベルク裁判のルポルタージュ『火薬列車』A Train of Powder (55) ，H.ジェームズや D.H.ロレンスなどの作家論がある。

ウェスト
West，Sir Edward

[生]1782. イギリス，ミドルセックス
[没]1828.8. ボンベイ
イギリスの判事，経済学者。オックスフォード大学で古典と数学に優秀な成績を収め，1814年イナー・テンプルから弁護士資格を得て，"A Treatise of the Law and Practice of Extents in Chief and in Aid" (1817) を著して有名になる。 1823年以降ボンベイ市最高裁判所長官を務める。穀物法論争初期の『土地への資本投下に関する一論』 An Essay on the Application of Capital to Land (1815) においてトマス・ロバート・マルサス，デービッド・リカードらと並んで収穫逓減の法則の最初の定式化を行ない，また価値論と密接に組み合わせたかたちではないが差額地代論を展開した。

ウェスト
West， Benjamin

[生]1738.10.10. ペンシルバニア，スプリングフィールド近郊
[没]1820.3.11. ロンドン
イギリスで活躍したアメリカの画家。6歳で絵をかきはじめ，1760年イタリアに遊学，古典美術の影響を受けた。 63年ロンドンに渡り古典的な歴史画で有名になる。『ウォルフ元帥の死』 (1771，ケンジントン宮殿) は歴史画に近代性を導入した作品として著名。その後ロマン派的発想による宗教画を描く。 72年国王ジョージ3世の知遇を得て宮廷画家となり，81～1801年ウィンザー城礼拝堂の壁画を制作。ロイヤル・アカデミーの設立者の一人で，レイノルズのあと長年 (92～1805，07～20) にわたって会長をつとめた。

ウェスト
West， Charles Dickinson

[生]1847. ダブリン
[没]1908.1.10. 東京
イギリスの来日教師。ダブリン大学卒業。造船所設計技師長。 1882年6月工部大学校 (現東京大学工学部) に招聘され，機械工学担当主任教授として着任，以後，病死するまで 20年余在職し，日本における各種工学の基礎を確立，あわせて造船学をも指導し，海軍の技術発達に多く貢献した。 1300人余に上る日本人技術者を養成したといわれ，その忍耐強い教授法は大学当局で称賛の的となった。勲二等を授与された。