Born: December 29, 1809, Liverpool [Died] May 19, 1898. Wales, Harden. British politician. Served as prime minister four times. Studied at Oxford University, he became a member of the House of Commons in 1832. He initially joined the Tories, but later left them as a Peelite. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Aberdeen coalition government from 1952 to 1955, in the second Palmerston government from 1959 to 1965, and in the Russell government from 1965 to 1966, and later became leader of the Liberal (Whig) House of Commons. After Russell retired at the end of 1967, he became the party's supreme leader, and thereafter the Conservatives, Disraeli and the Marquess of Salisbury, alternated in power, leading a typical two-party political system. Gladstone's first cabinet, from 1868 to 1874, passed reform legislation such as the Abolition Act of the Church of Ireland in 1869, the First Irish Land Act in 1870, the Forster Education Act, the Trade Union Act in 1871, and the Secret Ballot Act in 1872. After losing a general election and temporarily retiring, he launched a famous campaign in the Midlothian constituency to denounce Disraeli's imperialist policies, and won the general election in 1880. During his second cabinet, which lasted until 1885, he passed the Second Irish Land Act in 1881 and the Third Electoral Amendment Bill in 1884. His third cabinet, in 1886, submitted an Irish Home Rule Bill but was defeated, making it a short-lived cabinet. The bill was submitted again during his fourth cabinet, from 1892 to 1894, but was rejected in the House of Lords, and he retired from politics after more than 60 years of life. Gladstone |
[生]1809.12.29. リバプール [没]1898.5.19. ウェールズ,ハーデン イギリスの政治家。4度にわたって首相をつとめた。オックスフォード大学に学び,1832年下院議員となる。最初はトーリー党に所属したが,のちピール派としてトーリー党を離脱。 52~55年アバディーン連立内閣の蔵相,59~65年第2次パーマストン内閣の蔵相,65~66年ラッセル内閣の蔵相などをつとめ,自由党 (ホイッグ党) 下院指導者となった。 67年末ラッセルの引退後,党の最高指導者となり,以後保守党のディズレーリ,ソールズベリー (侯) と交互に政権を担当する典型的な二大政党政治を展開した。 68~74年の第1次グラッドストン内閣は,69年アイルランド国教会制廃止法,70年第1次アイルランド土地法,フォースター教育法,71年労働組合法,72年無記名投票法などの改革立法を成立させた。総選挙に敗れいったん引退したのち,ミッドロージアンの選挙区でディズレーリの帝国主義政策を非難する有名なキャンペーンを行い,80年総選挙で勝利。 85年までの第2次内閣では,1881年第2次アイルランド土地法,84年「第3次選挙法改正法案」を成立させた。 86年の第3次内閣はアイルランド自治法案を提出して敗れ,短命に終った。 92~94年の第4次内閣において再度提出された同法案も上院で否決され,60年以上にわたる政治生活から引退した。 グラッドストン
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