A general term for the reactions and operations that break down petroleum using heat or catalytic action to produce light hydrocarbons. Because cracking involves decomposition as the main reaction, it is often simply called cracking in industrial terms, but it is not synonymous with the simple chemical reaction of decomposition; in fact, it is a combination of complex reactions involving dehydrogenation, polymerization, isomerization, and disproportionation. In industrial terms, there are a great many types of cracking, including catalytic cracking of heavy oil with the aim of producing gasoline, hydrocracking, visbreaking to produce low-viscosity heavy oil from high-viscosity heavy residual oil, coking to produce petroleum coke and cracked light oil from heavy residual oil, and naphtha cracking to produce ethene and propene, which are raw materials for the petrochemical industry. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
石油を熱または触媒の作用により分解して,軽質炭化水素を生成させる反応および操作の総称.クラッキングは分解を主反応とするため,工業的には,単に分解とよばれることが多いが,単純な化学反応の分解(decomposition)とは同義ではなく,実際には,脱水素,重合,異性化,不均化などを伴う複雑な反応が組み合わされたものである.工業的には,ガソリンの製造を目的とする重質油の接触分解,水素化分解,粘度の高い重質残油から粘度の低い重油を製造するビスブレーキング,重質残油から石油コークスと分解軽油を製造するコーキング,石油化学工業原料のエテン,プロペンなどの製造を目的とするナフサ分解など,きわめて多くの種類がある. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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