A city in the west of Surrey County, southeast England. It is part of the Guildford district, including the surrounding area. It is located about 44 km southwest of London, facing the River Wey, a tributary of the Thames. It is an old town that was a royal manor in the Anglo-Saxon period, and the oldest royal charter was issued in 1257. Many historical buildings remain, including St. Mary's Cathedral, which has a tower dating back to the Norman period, the Tudor Royal Grammar School (1509), a nursing home (1619), and Guilford House (1660). Holy Spirit Cathedral (1936-68) was the second Anglican cathedral in England, newly built after the Reformation. The main industry is manufacturing, and the automobile industry was established before World War II, and light industry developed. It is an academic and cultural center, with higher education institutions such as the University of Surrey (1966), theaters, museums, and a symphony orchestra. District area: 271km2 . District population 129,717 (2001). Urban population 69,400 (2001). Guildford |
イギリス,イングランド南東部,サリー県西部の都市。周辺を含めてギルフォード地区を構成する。ロンドンの南西約 44kmにあり,テムズ川支流ウェー川に臨む。アングロ・サクソン時代には王室の荘園となっていた古い町で,最古の勅許状は 1257年に出された。歴史的な建造物が多数現存し,ノルマン朝以前の塔をもつ聖メアリー聖堂,チューダー朝の王立グラマー・スクール(1509),養老院(1619),ギルフォードハウス(1660)などがある。ホーリースピリット大聖堂(1936~68)は宗教改革以後新しく建てられたイングランド 2番目のアングリカン・チャーチの大聖堂である。主産業は工業で,第2次世界大戦前から自動車工業が立地するほか軽工業が発展。学術,文化の中心地で,サリー大学(1966)をはじめとする高等教育機関や,劇場,博物館などがあり,交響楽団をもつ。地区面積 271km2。地区人口 12万9717(2001)。都市人口 6万9400(2001)。
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