It is an animal of the mammalian class, rodent order, family Cricetidae. Its official name is the Norwegian lemming. It is distributed in the mountainous regions of Finland and the northern and central Scandinavian Peninsula, living in the tundra and alpine grasslands. Its head and body length is 13 to 15 cm, its tail length is 0.5 to 1.9 cm, and it weighs about 40 grams. It is nocturnal, digging tunnels underground or under the snow. It eats grass, lichen, and moss. It is an excellent swimmer, but when it has a major outbreak every 3 to 4 years, it is known that it moves in groups, jumps into the sea, and continues swimming until it drowns. This movement of large groups is only seen when there is an explosive proliferation, and it can be said that it falls into a state of collective panic. However, even in normal years, it repeats the movement down to low altitudes in the spring and back to high altitudes in the fall. Due to their regular migratory habits, they are also called lemurs, but because they are nocturnal, these movements are not seen by humans. They give birth twice a year, with each litter containing 2-8 pups. Other lemmings in the Lemmus genus include the Siberian lemming (L. sibiricus) , found in Siberia, the Amur lemming (L. amurensis) , found in the Amur region, and the black-footed lemming (L. nigripes) , found in the Pribilof Islands. A closely related genera is the Dicrostonyx lemming, found in North America and Eurasia. These are sometimes collectively referred to as lemmings. [Takeo Miyao] © Hidehiko Tamagawa "> Major species of mice [specimen illustrations] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱齧歯(げっし)目キヌゲネズミ科の動物。正式名はノルウェーレミングという。フィンランド、スカンジナビア半島北・中部の山岳地帯に分布し、ツンドラや高山草原にすんでいる。頭胴長13~15センチメートル、尾長0.5~1.9センチメートル、体重約40グラム。夜行性で、地下や雪の下にトンネルを掘り巡らす。草、地衣類、蘚苔(せんたい)類を食べる。泳ぎは巧みであるが、3~4年ごとの大発生のときには、集団で移動して海中に飛び込み、おぼれ死ぬまで泳ぎ続けることで有名である。この大群での移動がみられるのは、爆発的増殖をおこしたときだけで、集団的恐慌状態に陥るものといってよい。しかし、通常年でも春になると低所に下がり、秋には高地に戻る移動を繰り返す。この通常の移動習性からタビネズミの名でもよばれるが、夜行性のためにこれらの移動は人目につかない。年2回、1産2~8子を産む。 このほかレミング属Lemmusには、シベリア地方に分布するシベリアレミングL. sibiricus、アムール地方に分布するアムールレミングL. amurensis、プリビロフ諸島に分布するクロアシレミングL. nigripesなどがある。また、近縁の属としては、北アメリカやユーラシアに分布するクビワレミング属Dicrostonyxなどがある。なお、レミングの名でこれらを総称することもある。 [宮尾嶽雄] ©玉川秀彦"> ネズミのおもな種類〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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