Hyperbolic functions

Japanese: 双曲線関数 - そうきょくせんかんすう(英語表記)hyperbolic functions
Hyperbolic functions

This refers collectively to six functions defined using exponential functions: (1) hyperbolic sine function, (2) hyperbolic cosine function, (3) hyperbolic tangent function, (4) hyperbolic cotangent function, (5) hyperbolic secant function, and (6) hyperbolic cosecant function.


The reading of sinh is "hyperbolic sine," and the others are similar. Hyperbolic functions have properties similar to trigonometric functions. Now,
x = cosh t , y = sinh t
Then, the relationship x 2 - y 2 =1 holds. Therefore, this function is used to parametrize rectangular hyperbolae. In particular, the graph of y = cosh x is called a catenary.

The inverse functions of hyperbolic functions are as follows. These are important in the indefinite integral of elementary functions.


By extending et to the case where t is a complex number, we can also extend the hyperbolic functions to the case where t is a complex value. Then,

It becomes.

[Osamu Takenouchi]

[Reference] | Catenary
Hyperbolic Functions
©Shogakukan ">

Hyperbolic Functions


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

指数関数を用いて定義される六つの関数、すなわち、(1)双曲線正弦関数、(2)双曲線余弦関数、(3)双曲線正接関数、(4)双曲線余接関数、(5)双曲線正割関数、(6)双曲線余割関数を総称していう。


 sinhの読み方は、ハイパーボリック・サインで、他も同様に読む。双曲線関数は三角関数と似た性質をもっている。いま、
  x=cosht, y=sinht
と置くと、x2-y2=1という関係がある。したがって、この関数は直角双曲線を媒介変数表示するために用いられる。とくにy=coshxのグラフはカテナリーとよばれる。

 双曲線関数の逆関数は次のようになる。これらは初等関数の不定積分において重要である。


etをtが複素数の場合にまで拡張して考えることにより、双曲線関数もtが複素数値の場合にまで拡張して考えることができる。そうすると

となる。

[竹之内脩]

[参照項目] | カテナリー
双曲線関数
©Shogakukan">

双曲線関数


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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