The administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai in central Russia. It is located on both banks of the Yenisei River, where the left tributary, the Kacha River, joins, and is an important transportation hub for land, sea and air at the intersection of the river and the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population 877,800 (1999). Industries include machinery manufacturing (cranes, gold mining machines, forestry machinery, agricultural machinery, television sets), metals (steel, aluminum smelting), metal processing (the large Siberian Heavy Machinery factory, grain harvesting combine manufacturing, etc.), shipbuilding, chemicals (textiles, synthetic rubber, rubber tires), lumber, pulp, paper and silk complexes, and construction materials. It is also an educational and cultural center, with research institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (physics, forestry, wood), a university, a number of colleges (non-ferrous metals, industrial technology, agriculture, education, medicine), theaters, and museums. The old center of the city is located on a high terrace on the left bank of the Yenisei River, while the right bank is a low area with new factories and high-rise residential areas, and both banks are connected by a 2,100-meter-long bridge. The "Strby" game reserve in the southeastern suburbs of the city is a tourist destination with many oddly shaped rock peaks. About 40 kilometers upstream from the city, on the Yenisei River, is the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station (reaching planned output in 1971, approved for industrial use in 1972, output 6 million kilowatts). The city originated from the Krasny Stockade (fort) built in 1628, and later renamed Krasny Yar. It developed due to the gold mining industry, and grew rapidly after the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway (1895). During the imperial era, it was a place of exile for political prisoners. The Soviet regime was established at the same time as the Great Revolution of 1917, and was temporarily occupied by counter-revolutionary forces afterwards, but was re-established in early 1920. [Masatoshi Mikami and Toshihiko Ueno] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦中部、クラスノヤルスク地方の行政中心都市。エニセイ川の両岸にわたり、左の支流カチャ川が合流する地点に位置し、同川とシベリア鉄道との交点にある水陸空の交通の要地。人口87万7800(1999)。機械製造(起重機、採金用機、林業用機、農機、テレビ受像機)、金属(製鋼、アルミニウム精錬)、金属加工(大企業「シベリア重機」工場、穀物刈入れ用コンバイン製造など)、造船、化学(繊維、合成ゴム、ゴムタイヤ)、製材・パルプ・製紙と絹の両コンビナート、建設資材などの工業がある。ロシア科学アカデミー・シベリア支部の研究所(物理学、林業・木材)、総合大学、単科諸大学(非鉄金属、工業技術、農業、教育、医学)、劇場、博物館などがあって、教育、文化の中心地でもある。 市街の古い中心部はエニセイ川左岸の高い段丘上にあり、右岸は低くて新しい工場と高層住宅地域で、両岸は長さ2100メートルの橋で連絡する。市の南東郊外の「ストルビ」禁猟区は奇形の岩峰が多い観光地。市の上流約40キロメートルのエニセイ川には、クラスノヤルスク水力発電所(1971年計画出力に達し、72年工業利用認可、出力600万キロワット)がある。市の起源は1628年建設のクラスヌイ柵(さく)(砦(とりで))で、のちにクラスヌイ・ヤルと改称した。金の採取業で発達し、シベリア鉄道の建設(1895)以後急速に成長した。帝政時代は政治犯の流刑地。1917年の大革命と同時にソビエト政権が樹立され、その後一時的に反革命軍に占拠されたが、20年初めに再興された。 [三上正利・上野俊彦] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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