Hakodate Main Line - Hakodate Honsen

Japanese: 函館本線 - はこだてほんせん
Hakodate Main Line - Hakodate Honsen

The name of the Hokkaido Railway Company's tracks. It consists of 423.1 km between Hakodate, Hokkaido, Sapporo and Asahikawa, and 35.3 km between Onuma, Oshima Sawara and Mori (Sawara branch line). The double-tracking rate is 52.2%, and 3.4 km between Hakodate and Goryokaku and 170.6 km between Otaru and Asahikawa are AC electrified. It is a main railway line connecting southern and central Hokkaido, and the electrified section that runs through the Ishikari Plain is particularly busy, and is home to many of Hokkaido's major cities. The Otaru (renamed Minami Otaru in 1920) - Iwamizawa section opened in 1880-1882 (Meiji 13-15) as part of Hokkaido's first railway, the Horonai Railway, and was transferred to the Hokkaido Colliery Railway in 1889. The railway extended its operation from Iwamizawa to Sorachibuto (currently between Sunagawa and Takikawa, on the banks of the Sorachi River) in 1891-1892, and in 1898, the Hokkaido Government Railway opened the Sorachibuto-Asahikawa section as the Kamikawa Line. Meanwhile, the Hakodate-Otaru (currently Minami-Otaru) section was opened by the Hokkaido Railway (first generation) in 1902-1905 (Meiji 35-38), and the Hokkaido Colliery Railway was nationalized in 1906, and the Hokkaido Railway in 1907. In 1909, the Hakodate-Asahikawa section was merged to form the Hakodate Main Line. The Sahara Branch Line was opened in 1945 (Showa 20) to ease the steep gradient around Komagatake, and the Mori-Oshima Sahara section was rebuilt after the nationalization of the Oshima Kaigan Railway (opened 1927-1928). Since the 1950s, more and more long-distance trains have been operating between Oshamanbe and Sapporo via the Muroran Main Line and Chitose Line to avoid the steep gradients around Kutchan, and now the Oshamanbe-Otaru section is essentially a local line. The importance of the Hakodate-Oshamanbe section has also declined as the main mode of passenger transport between Honshu and Hokkaido has shifted to air transport. On the other hand, the section north of Otaru has a high demand for transport as a main railway line running through central Hokkaido, with Sapporo at its center, and double-tracking has been underway since the Meiji and Taisho periods, and the Otaru-Asahikawa section was double-tracked and electrified in 1968-1969 (Showa 43-44). In 1987, following the privatization of the Japanese National Railways, the line became part of Hokkaido Railway Company.

[Eiichi Aoki and Ryo Aoki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北海道旅客鉄道の線路名称。北海道、函館―札幌―旭川(あさひかわ)間423.1キロメートル、大沼―渡島砂原(おしまさわら)―森間(砂原支線)35.3キロメートルよりなる。複線化率52.2%、函館―五稜郭(ごりょうかく)間3.4キロメートルと小樽(おたる)―旭川間170.6キロメートルが交流電化。道南と道央を結ぶ幹線鉄道で、とくに石狩平野を縦貫する電化区間が交通量も多く、北海道の主要都市が集まっている。小樽(1920年に南小樽に改称)―岩見沢間は北海道最初の鉄道である幌内鉄道(ぽろないてつどう)の一部として1880~1882年(明治13~15)に開業、1889年に北海道炭礦(たんこう)鉄道に譲渡された。同鉄道は1891~1892年に岩見沢―空知太(そらちぶと)(現在の砂川と滝川の中間、空知川畔)間を延長開業し、さらに1898年、北海道官設鉄道が空知太―旭川間を上川(かみかわ)線として開業した。一方、函館―小樽(現、南小樽)間は北海道鉄道(初代)によって1902~1905年(明治35~38)に開業、北海道炭礦鉄道は1906年、北海道鉄道は1907年に国有化された。1909年、函館―旭川間を統合して函館本線とした。砂原支線は1945年(昭和20)駒(こま)ヶ岳付近の急勾配(こうばい)緩和のため開業したもので、そのうち森―渡島砂原間は渡島海岸鉄道(1927~1928開業)を国有化して改築した。1950年代より長万部(おしゃまんべ)―札幌間では倶知安(くっちゃん)付近の急勾配区間を避けるため、室蘭(むろらん)本線、千歳(ちとせ)線経由で運行する長距離列車がしだいに多くなって、現在では長万部―小樽間は実質的にはローカル線である。また函館―長万部間も、本州と北海道との間の旅客輸送の主力が航空交通に移るとともにその重要性は低下している。これに対して、小樽以北の区間は札幌を中心とする道央縦断の幹線鉄道として輸送需要が大きく、明治・大正期から複線化が進められていたが、1968~1969年(昭和43~44)に小樽―旭川間が複線・電化された。1987年、日本国有鉄道の分割民営化に伴い、北海道旅客鉄道に所属。

[青木栄一・青木 亮]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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