On the other hand, the Islamic state of the Ottoman Empire built madrasas (Islamic higher education facilities) in Istanbul and other parts of the country, and put the ulama, who had studied Islamic studies, mainly Hanafi jurisprudence, in charge of the empire's judicial system, education, and part of the administration. The legal system was based on the Sharia, which was the "law of God" and had the sole absolute authority, and its interpretation was left to the mufti. However, the supreme authority, Sheikh al-Islam, was outside the authority of the Divan-i Humayun in the Topkapı Palace (royal court), and he restrained the political decisions of the sultan and the Deusirme-born bureaucracy through "opinions (fetva)" that were based on the Sharia. In order to realize flexible governance according to the actual conditions of each region, kanun (secular law) and yasas (prohibitions) were issued in the form of edicts from the Sultan or "opinions" from Shaykh al-Islam, provided that they remained within the framework of the Shari'a. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "divan-ı hümayun" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…一方,イスラム国家であるオスマン帝国は,イスタンブールをはじめ各地にマドラサ(イスラム高等教育施設)を建設し,ハナフィー派法学を中心としたイスラムの諸学問を学んだウラマーたちに,帝国の司法と教育,および行政の一部を担当させた。法律制度は〈神の法〉であり唯一絶対性をもつシャリーアであり,その法解釈はムフティーにゆだねられたが,その最高権威者シェイヒュル・イスラム(シャイフ・アルイスラーム)は,トプカプ宮殿(宮廷)内の御前会議(ディーワーヌ・ヒュマーユーンdivan‐ı hümayun)の権限外にあって,スルタンやデウシルメ出身官僚層の政治的決定事項に対してシャリーアに照らした〈意見書(ファトワーfetva)〉を通じて,これを掣肘(せいちゆう)した。また,各地域の実情に応じた柔軟な統治を実現するために,シャリーアの枠内にとどまることを条件に,カーヌーン(世俗法)およびヤサyasa(禁令)が,スルタンの勅令あるいはシェイヒュル・イスラムの〈意見書〉の形態をとって発布された。… ※「divan-ı hümayun」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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