A device that keeps samples at low temperatures for the purpose of measuring physical properties and analyzing structures. It is an essential device for low-temperature experiments, and its basic structure consists of regulating heat transfer and using thermal insulation. Heat transfer occurs in three ways: (1) thermal conduction based on the molecular motion of the gas surrounding the sample, (2) thermal conduction of solids such as metals and plastics that are in contact with the sample, and (3) thermal conduction by radiation from the object. A cryostat controls and uses these three types of heat transfer to cool the sample and prevent the flow of heat into the cooled sample. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
物性測定や構造解析の目的で試料を低温に保つ装置。低温実験には不可欠の装置で,その基本構造は熱伝達の調節と熱絶縁の利用から成る。熱伝達は,(1)試料の周囲にある気体の分子運動に基づく熱伝導,(2)試料に接している金属やプラスチックなど固体の熱伝導,(3)物体からの輻射による熱伝導,の三つの形式による。クライオスタットでは,試料の冷却と,冷却した試料への熱の流入を防ぐために,これら三つの熱伝達を制御しかつ利用している。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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