An avant-garde art group formed in July 1954 by Yoshihara Jiro, Yoshida Toshiro, Shimamoto Shozo, and others. With the launch of the group's journal Gutai in January of the following year, Shiraga Kazuo, Tanaka Atsuko, Murakami Saburo, and Kanayama Akira joined the group and began to become active. They held the Yomiuri Independent Exhibition, the Gutai Art Association Exhibition, outdoor exhibitions, and stage exhibitions. In the early days, their works were often idiosyncratic, such as performance-oriented works (called "actions" at the time), works that used logs, mud, cloth, water, and junk in almost their original form, and works that were extremely reduced in expressive acts. However, after being discovered by the French critic M. Tapié, who visited Japan in 1957, their works were introduced overseas and quickly converged in the direction of Informel-style abstract painting. The Gutai Art Association continued to exist after 1958, but in reality, their activities were most spectacular during the three years from 1955 to 1957. The group disbanded with the death of Yoshihara in 1972. Although it was initially little appreciated, it is now being highly reassessed for its inclusion of all aspects of Japanese avant-garde art that followed. Representative examples include the exhibition "Gutai - Action and Painting" (Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art) in Japan in 1986, and the exhibition "Avant-Garde Art in Japan 1910-1970" (Centre Pompidou, Paris) overseas. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
吉原治良,吉田稔郎,嶋本昭三などによって 1954年7月に結成された前衛美術集団。翌 55年1月の機関紙『具体』の創刊を機に,白髪一雄,田中敦子,村上三郎,金山明が合流して,活発な活動を開始。読売アンデパンダン展や「具体美術協会展」,野外展や舞台展などを開催した。その作品は,初期にはパフォーマンス色の強いもの (当時はアクションと呼ばれた) や,丸太,泥,布,水,廃品などをほぼそのままの形で提出するもの,表現行為の極限的な縮小など,特異なものが多かったが,57年に来日したフランスの評論家 M.タピエに見いだされて以後,海外へ紹介されると同時に急速にアンフォルメル的な抽象画の方向へ収束していった。 58年以降も具体美術協会は継続したが,実質的には 55~57年までの3年間の活動が最も華々しいものであった。 72年吉原の死とともに解散。当初はほとんど評価されなかったが,その後の日本の前衛美術のあらゆる局面を内包していた点で,今日では高く再評価されている。国内では 86年の「具体-行為と絵画」展 (兵庫県立近代美術館) ,海外では「前衛芸術の日本 1910-1970」展 (パリ,ポンピドゥー・センター) がその代表例である。
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